10 Questions
Match the following abdominopelvic regions with their correct description:
Epigastric region = Right upper quadrant Right hypochondriac region = Region above the ribcage on the right side Umbilical region = Region around the navel Right lumbar region = Region in the lower back on the right side
Match the following medical imaging procedures with their correct description:
Radiography = Use of electromagnet to affect position and energy of hydrogen atoms Ultrasound = X-rays passed through body, absorbed by dense areas CT = Ultrasound waves passed through body by transducer MRI = Low-intensity X-rays passed through body from many angles
Match the following abdominopelvic regions with their correct location:
Right upper quadrant = Region in the upper right side of the abdomen Left lower quadrant = Region in the lower left side of the abdomen Hypogastric region = Region in the lower middle of the abdomen Right lumbar region = Region in the lower back on the right side
Match the following medical imaging procedures with their correct application:
DSA = Used to analyze metabolic state of a tissue/organ CT = Used to view blood vessels MRI = Used to view internal body structures PET = Used to view bone structures
Match the following abdominopelvic regions with their correct classification:
Epigastric region = Middle column Right lumbar region = Right and left lumbar regions Hypogastric region = Middle column Right iliac region = Right and left iliac regions
Match the following medical imaging procedures with their correct principle:
Ultrasound = Use of X-rays passed through body Radiography = Use of ultrasound waves passed through body CT = Use of electromagnet to affect position and energy of hydrogen atoms MRI = Use of radiolabeled glucose to analyze metabolic state
Match the following abdominopelvic regions with their correct description:
Right hypochondriac region = Region above the ribcage on the right side Umbilical region = Region around the navel Right lumbar region = Region in the lower back on the right side Right iliac region = Region in the lower right side of the abdomen
Match the following medical imaging procedures with their correct output:
Radiography = Three-dimensional image Ultrasound = Image of internal body structures CT = Image of blood vessels MRI = Film with dense areas appearing lighter
Match the following abdominopelvic regions with their correct classification:
Right upper quadrant = Right and left lumbar regions Left lower quadrant = Right and left iliac regions Epigastric region = Middle column Hypogastric region = Right and left lumbar regions
Match the following medical imaging procedures with their correct mechanism:
Radiography = Receives signals from ultrasound waves reflecting off internal body structures Ultrasound = Passes X-rays through body from many angles CT = Uses electromagnet to affect position and energy of hydrogen atoms MRI = Passes ultrasound waves through body by transducer
Study Notes
Definition of Anatomy
- Anatomy is the study of structure, derived from the Greek word "anatomia", meaning "to cut apart".
- Physiology is the study of function, and anatomy and physiology are interrelated.
- Anatomists and physiologists use the scientific method to observe natural phenomena, develop and test a hypothesis.
Categories of Anatomy
- Microscopic anatomy: studies structures too small to be seen with the unaided eye, including cytology (cells) and histology (tissues).
- Gross anatomy: studies structures that can be seen with the unaided eye.
Gross Anatomy Subdisciplines
- Comparative anatomy: studies similarities and differences across species.
- Developmental anatomy: studies structural changes from conception through maturity.
- Embryology: studies developmental changes occurring prior to birth.
- Regional anatomy: studies all structures within a single region.
- Surface anatomy: studies superficial and internal structures as they relate to their location on the body surface.
- Systemic anatomy: studies structures involved with a specific activity.
- Pathologic anatomy: studies anatomic changes resulting from disease.
- Radiographic anatomy: studies structures visualized by medical imaging procedures.
- Surgical anatomy: studies anatomic landmarks used before and after surgery.
Structural Organization of the Body
- The body is organized into atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, systems, and organisms.
- Characteristics of living organisms include organization, metabolism, growth and development, responsiveness, adaptation, regulation, and reproduction.
Organ Systems
- There are 11 commonly recognized organ systems in the human body.
- Each organ system contains organs that work together to perform specific functions.
The Anatomic Position
- The anatomic position provides a common reference point for describing the body.
- It is defined as standing upright, with feet parallel and on the floor, head level and looking forward, arms at sides, and palms facing forward.
Anatomic Directions and Body Planes
- Anatomic directions include anterior (ventral, front), posterior (dorsal, back), superior (toward head), inferior (toward feet), medial (toward midline), lateral (away from midline), and proximal (close to trunk) and distal (far from trunk).
- Body planes include coronal (frontal), transverse (cross-sectional), midsagittal (median), and oblique planes.
Regional Anatomy
- The body is divided into two main regions: axial and appendicular.
- The axial region includes the head, neck, and trunk, while the appendicular region includes the upper and lower limbs.
Body Cavities
- The body has several cavities, including the cranial cavity, vertebral canal, thoracic cavity, and abdominopelvic cavity.
- The abdominopelvic cavity is further divided into the abdominal and pelvic cavities.
Medical Imaging Procedures
- Medical imaging procedures include radiography, ultrasound, digital subtraction angiography (DSA), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET).
- Each procedure uses different techniques to visualize internal body structures.
Get started with human anatomy in this introductory chapter. Learn the definition of anatomy, structural organization of the body, and the precise language of anatomy.
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