Human Anatomy Cells and Tissues Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of nucleoli within the nucleus?

Production of DNA

Production of ribosomes (correct)

Regulation of nuclear pores

Storage of chromosomes

What is chromatin composed of?

Nucleic acids and carbohydrates

DNA and protein (correct)

DNA and RNA

Protein and lipids

Which component is NOT part of the plasma membrane structure?

RNA molecules (correct)

Protein and cholesterol

Phospholipid bilayer

Hydrophilic heads

What role do microvilli play in cellular function?

Enhance absorption surface area Signup and view all the answers

What are inclusions in the cytoplasm?

Non-functioning units within the cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

Which type of junction helps to prevent substances from leaking between cells?

Tight junctions Signup and view all the answers

What is cytosol?

Fluid that suspends organelles Signup and view all the answers

What occurs to chromatin during cell division?

It condenses to form chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of mitochondria in the cell?

To facilitate oxygen use in food breakdown Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is part of the cytoskeleton?

Microtubules Signup and view all the answers

What role do centrioles play during cell division?

They direct the formation of the mitotic spindle Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular projection is primarily responsible for propelling the cell?

Flagellum Signup and view all the answers

What is one characteristic of the cytoskeleton?

It provides an internal framework for the cell. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of filaments is NOT part of the cytoskeleton?

Myofilaments Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about cilia is true?

Cilia move materials across the cell surface. Signup and view all the answers

Mitochondria change shape continuously. Why is this important?

It allows for ATP synthesis in varying conditions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ribosomes?

Protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Which type of endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for cholesterol synthesis and detoxification of drugs?

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Signup and view all the answers

What role does the Golgi apparatus play in cellular function?

Modification and packaging of proteins Signup and view all the answers

Where are ribosomes located within a cell?

In the cytoplasm and on rough endoplasmic reticulum Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes lysosomes?

They contain enzymes for digestion of materials. Signup and view all the answers

What are the main regions that all cells are organized into?

Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Plasma membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is a function of peroxisomes?

Break down harmful substances Signup and view all the answers

Which structure serves as the control center of the cell?

Nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the endoplasmic reticulum is correct?

Rough ER is responsible for synthesizing proteins. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nuclear membrane?

Serves as a barrier and regulates material exchange Signup and view all the answers

Why do peroxisomes replicate by pinching in half?

To ensure proper cellular detoxification Signup and view all the answers

What forms the genetic material within the nucleus?

DNA Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes tissues?

Groups of similar cells with the same function Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nucleus is responsible for synthesizing ribosomal RNA?

Nucleolus Signup and view all the answers

What type of membrane is the nuclear membrane made of?

Double phospholipid membrane Signup and view all the answers

How do nuclear pores function in the cell?

They permit exchange of material with the cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cells and Tissues

Cells perform all necessary chemical activities for sustaining life.
Basic structural units of life; each cell type varies but shares general structures.
Tissues are groups of similar cells working together for specific functions.

Anatomy of the Cell

Cells consist of three main regions: nucleus, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane.

The Nucleus

Acts as the control center of the cell housing genetic material (DNA).
Composed of three regions: nuclear membrane, nucleolus, and chromatin.

Nuclear Membrane

Double phospholipid barrier surrounding the nucleus.
Contains nuclear pores for material exchange between the nucleus and cytoplasm.

Nucleoli

Sites within the nucleus for ribosome production.
Ribosomes migrate to the cytoplasm via nuclear pores.

Chromatin

Made of DNA and proteins, dispersed throughout the nucleus.
Condenses into chromosomes during cell division.

Plasma Membrane

Double phospholipid layer functioning as a barrier for cell contents, consisting of hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.
Contains proteins, cholesterol, and glycoproteins for various functions.

Plasma Membrane Specializations

Microvilli: finger-like projections increasing surface area for absorption.
Membrane junctions: include tight junctions, desmosomes, and gap junctions aiding in cell communication and stability.

Cytoplasm

The area outside the nucleus but within the plasma membrane, containing cytosol, organelles, and inclusions.
Cytosol is the fluid component where organelles are suspended.

Cytoplasmic Organelles

Ribosomes: composed of protein and RNA, function in protein synthesis, located free in the cytoplasm or attached to rough ER.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): two types – rough ER (with ribosomes, synthesizes cellular membrane components) and smooth ER (involved in cholesterol synthesis, fat metabolism, and drug detoxification).
Golgi Apparatus: modifies and packages proteins into secretory vesicles, cell membrane components, or lysosomes.

Lysosomes and Peroxisomes

Lysosomes: enzyme-containing vesicles for digesting nonusable cellular materials.
Peroxisomes: sacs of oxidase enzymes detoxifying harmful substances and breaking down free radicals, replicate by splitting.

Mitochondria

Known as the "powerhouses" of the cell, where oxygen is used to break down food and produce ATP for cellular energy through continuous shape changes.

Cytoskeleton

Composed of protein structures providing cellular framework, with three types: microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.

Centrioles

Rod-shaped bodies made of microtubules, essential in directing the formation of the mitotic spindle during cell division.

Cellular Projections

Not present in all cells; assist in movement.
Cilia: move materials across the cell surface.
Flagellum: propels the cell itself.

Cell Diversity

Cells demonstrate diversity in structure and function based on their specific tasks within the organism.

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Description

Test your knowledge on cells and tissues in human anatomy with this quiz. Based on the PowerPoint slides presented by Jerry L. Cook at Sam Houston University, it covers essential concepts and structures. Challenge yourself and deepen your understanding of human anatomy!