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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the blood supply in the breast?
What is the primary function of the blood supply in the breast?
Which structure is NOT a part of the breast anatomy?
Which structure is NOT a part of the breast anatomy?
Which lymphatic pathway is primarily involved in breast drainage?
Which lymphatic pathway is primarily involved in breast drainage?
Which blood vessel is primarily responsible for the blood supply to the breast?
Which blood vessel is primarily responsible for the blood supply to the breast?
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What is the main role of lymphatics in the breast?
What is the main role of lymphatics in the breast?
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What is the primary function of the axillary lymph nodes?
What is the primary function of the axillary lymph nodes?
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Which lymph nodes drain the inner quadrants of the breast?
Which lymph nodes drain the inner quadrants of the breast?
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How many groups are the axillary lymph nodes divided into?
How many groups are the axillary lymph nodes divided into?
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Which group of lymph nodes is located between the deltoid and pectoralis major muscles?
Which group of lymph nodes is located between the deltoid and pectoralis major muscles?
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What information can be inferred about cancer spread in relation to the posterior intercostal veins?
What information can be inferred about cancer spread in relation to the posterior intercostal veins?
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Which of the following lymph nodes is considered the final common pathway of the lymphatic system?
Which of the following lymph nodes is considered the final common pathway of the lymphatic system?
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What percentage of the breast is drained by axillary lymph nodes?
What percentage of the breast is drained by axillary lymph nodes?
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Where are the parasternal lymph nodes located?
Where are the parasternal lymph nodes located?
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Which axillary lymph nodes receive lymph primarily from the anterolateral aspect of the abdominal wall and the lateral quadrants of the breast?
Which axillary lymph nodes receive lymph primarily from the anterolateral aspect of the abdominal wall and the lateral quadrants of the breast?
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What is the primary role of the apical or subclavicular lymph nodes?
What is the primary role of the apical or subclavicular lymph nodes?
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Which lymphatic pathway accounts for over 75% of lymph drainage from the breast?
Which lymphatic pathway accounts for over 75% of lymph drainage from the breast?
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Which group of lymph nodes lies along the lateral border of the subscapularis muscle?
Which group of lymph nodes lies along the lateral border of the subscapularis muscle?
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In which pathway does lymphatic drainage occur alongside venous tributaries?
In which pathway does lymphatic drainage occur alongside venous tributaries?
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What percentage of lymph drainage from the breast predominantly originates from the upper outer quadrant?
What percentage of lymph drainage from the breast predominantly originates from the upper outer quadrant?
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Which lymph node group is primarily responsible for receiving lymph from the posteromedial aspect of the upper limb?
Which lymph node group is primarily responsible for receiving lymph from the posteromedial aspect of the upper limb?
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What is the total number of nodes typically found in the central lymph node group?
What is the total number of nodes typically found in the central lymph node group?
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Which rib does the breast extend vertically from?
Which rib does the breast extend vertically from?
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What is the main component of the majority of the resting breast?
What is the main component of the majority of the resting breast?
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Which structure drains each lobe of the breast?
Which structure drains each lobe of the breast?
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Where is the axillary tail of Spence located?
Where is the axillary tail of Spence located?
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What does the retro mammary space allow?
What does the retro mammary space allow?
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In which breast quadrant do most breast cancers develop?
In which breast quadrant do most breast cancers develop?
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What forms the nipple-areola complex (NAC)?
What forms the nipple-areola complex (NAC)?
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What is the role of Montgomery’s tubercles?
What is the role of Montgomery’s tubercles?
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What artery primarily supplies the lateral aspect of the breast?
What artery primarily supplies the lateral aspect of the breast?
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What occurs in the breast during lactation?
What occurs in the breast during lactation?
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What type of tissue predominates in the male breast?
What type of tissue predominates in the male breast?
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Which structure is responsible for causing skin wrinkling in breast cancer?
Which structure is responsible for causing skin wrinkling in breast cancer?
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What triggers the development of lobules in the female breast?
What triggers the development of lobules in the female breast?
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Which system drains the majority of the breast?
Which system drains the majority of the breast?
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Flashcards
Breast Structure
Breast Structure
The anatomical components of the breast including lobules, ducts, and fat tissue.
Blood Supply to the Breast
Blood Supply to the Breast
The arteries that supply oxygenated blood to the breast tissue, primarily the internal mammary and lateral thoracic arteries.
Lymphatic System of the Breast
Lymphatic System of the Breast
Network of lymph nodes and vessels that drain lymph fluid from the breast, crucial for immune function.
Lobules
Lobules
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Ducts in the Breast
Ducts in the Breast
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Internal Thoracic Vein
Internal Thoracic Vein
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Posterior Intercostal Veins
Posterior Intercostal Veins
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Vertebral Venous Plexus (VVP)
Vertebral Venous Plexus (VVP)
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Axillary Lymph Nodes
Axillary Lymph Nodes
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Parasternal Lymph Nodes
Parasternal Lymph Nodes
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Infraclavicular Lymph Nodes
Infraclavicular Lymph Nodes
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Supraclavicular Lymph Nodes
Supraclavicular Lymph Nodes
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Groups of Axillary Lymph Nodes
Groups of Axillary Lymph Nodes
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Anterior or Pectoral Nodes
Anterior or Pectoral Nodes
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Posterior or Subscapular Nodes
Posterior or Subscapular Nodes
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Lateral or Humeral Nodes
Lateral or Humeral Nodes
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Central Nodes
Central Nodes
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Apical or Subclavicular Nodes
Apical or Subclavicular Nodes
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Sappey's Plexus
Sappey's Plexus
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Axillary Pathway
Axillary Pathway
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Internal Mammary Pathway
Internal Mammary Pathway
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Breast Position
Breast Position
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Axillary Tail of Spence
Axillary Tail of Spence
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Majority of Breast Cancers
Majority of Breast Cancers
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Retromammary Space
Retromammary Space
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Nipple Structure
Nipple Structure
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Areola
Areola
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Breast Lobes
Breast Lobes
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Lactiferous Duct
Lactiferous Duct
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Fibrous Tissue
Fibrous Tissue
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Breast Development
Breast Development
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Lactation Changes
Lactation Changes
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Male Breast
Male Breast
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Arterial Supply of Breast
Arterial Supply of Breast
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Venous Drainage
Venous Drainage
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Cooper's Ligaments
Cooper's Ligaments
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Study Notes
Breast Structure
- The breast is mostly comprised of fibrous and fatty tissue.
- The breast tissue is composed of 15-20 lobes.
- Each lobe contains smaller lobules.
- The lobules contain acini that produce milk.
- Ducts drain milk from the acini to the nipple.
- The areola contains modified sebaceous glands that lubricate the nipple during breastfeeding.
- Montgomery's tubercles form in the areola during pregnancy.
- The nipple and areola form the nipple areola complex.
- Cooper's ligaments form a support structure.
- Suspensory ligaments of Cooper divide the breast parenchyma into 15-20 segments.
Breast Position and Extent
- The breast lies in the superficial fascia of the pectoral region.
- The breast extends vertically from the second to sixth rib.
- The breast extends horizontally from the lateral sternal border to the mid-axillary line.
- The axillary tail of Spence is a normal extension of breast tissue in the axilla
- The majority of breast cancers develop in the upper outer quadrant.
Breast Development
- Breast development begins as early as the fourth week from a thickened mammary ridge (milk line) of ectoderm, along a line from the axilla to the inguinal region.
- Supernumerary nipples or glands proper can form at lower levels.
- Lobule formation occurs in the breast only after puberty.
Lactation
- The resting breast is mostly fibrous and fatty tissue.
- During pregnancy, alveoli bud off from the ducts, and the breast significantly enlarges.
- Perforating arteries enlarge during lactation to supply the mammary glands.
- The breast involutes when lactation ceases.
- Lobe and duct atrophy after menopause.
Male Breast
- Male breast resembles a rudimentary female breast.
- Males don't have lobules or alveoli.
- The nipple and areola overlie the fourth intercostal space.
- Breast cancer is rare in males.
Arterial Supply of the Breast
- Most arteries supply the anterior breast surface.
- The posterior surface is relatively avascular.
- The breast's arterial supply comes from the internal thoracic artery (medial aspect), lateral thoracic artery (lateral aspect), thoracoacromial artery, and posterior intercostal arteries.
Venous Drainage of the Breast
- Most breast venous drainage flows to the axillary vein via the lateral thoracic vein.
- Other veins involved include internal thoracic veins and posterior intercostal veins.
- Cancer can spread to the vertebrae through communication with the vertebral venous plexus.
Lymphatics of the Breast
- Most breast lymph drains to axillary nodes (~75%).
- Other lymph nodes include parasternal nodes, infraclavicular/deltopectoral nodes, and supraclavicular nodes.
- Infraclavicular/deltopectoral nodes are located in the deltopectoral groove, draining the anterolateral aspect of the upper limb.
- Supraclavicular nodes are just lateral to the clavicular head of sternocleidomastoid.
- Lymph drainage terminates in the central venous system.
- The axillary lymph nodes are located in the axillary region of the upper limb, encompassing drainage for the breast and the trunk above the umbilicus.
- There are approximately 20-30 axillary lymph nodes, categorized into 5 groups (anterior/pectoral, posterior/subscapular, lateral/humeral, central, and apical/subclavicular). .
- Lymphatic drainage pathways include axillary, internal mammary, and retromammary routes.
Dermatomes
- A dermatome is an area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve.
- There are 30 dermatomes.
- Sensory innervation of the breast is mainly from T3-T5.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the structure of the breast.
- Describe arterial supply and venous drainage of the breast.
- Describe the dermatomal innervation of the breast.
- Describe the lymphatic drainage of the breast.
Lymph Node Levels
- Lymph node levels are based on pectoralis minor m.
- Level I: Latissimus dorsi to lateral aspect of minor muscle.
- Level II: Posterior to pectoralis minor.
- Level III: Medial margin of pectoralis minor to thoracic inlet.
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Description
This quiz delves into the anatomical structure and positioning of the breast, covering its composition, lobes, and the significance of the nipple-areola complex. Additionally, it explores the extent of the breast in relation to surrounding structures, providing essential knowledge for anyone interested in human anatomy.
