Human Anatomy and Physiology

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of pyrogens in the immune response?

To increase body temperature during infection (correct)

To activate the complement system

To reduce body temperature during infection

To produce antibodies

Why do viruses require the host cell to reproduce?

Because they require a power source

Because they cannot synthesize protein

Because they are unable to participate in metabolic processes (correct)

Because they lack organelles

What is clubbing, in terms of nail changes?

A change in the angle between nail and nail base of more than 180 degrees (correct)

An angle between nail and nail base of less than 90 degrees

A change in the shape of the nail plate

A discoloration of the nail bed

What is the primary purpose of the Braden scale?

To assess risk of pressure ulcers Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are involved in innate immunity?

NK cells and neutrophils Signup and view all the answers

Why would a nurse ask about dietary changes during a hair assessment?

To determine if the patient has a nutritional deficiency Signup and view all the answers

Which type of leukocyte matures in the thymus?

T lymphocyte Signup and view all the answers

What do sebaceous glands produce?

Sebum Signup and view all the answers

What is an acute wound?

A wound that heals quickly and with minimal treatment Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to assess skin turgor during a skin assessment?

To assess hydration status Signup and view all the answers

What type of immune response involves the activation of T cells?

Cell-mediated immune response Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of natural killer cells?

To recognize and destroy infected cells or tumor cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of regulatory T cells?

To suppress or shut down the immune system Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cytokines in the immune response?

To communicate between immune cells Signup and view all the answers

Which organ filters blood and removes old or damaged red blood cells?

Spleen Signup and view all the answers

Interferon is effective against:

Viral infections Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following areas is drained by the right lymphatic duct?

right arm, right side of the head and neck, right side of the chest Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which lymph fluid flows through the lymphatic system?

Using a pressure gradient that forces fluid into the lymphatic capillaries Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a stage one pressure area?

An area of persistent, non blanchable redness when compared to the surrounding skin Signup and view all the answers

What is an important intervention for a nurse to educate the mother of a 4-year-old child with impetigo?

To make sure the parents, and all other people, use very strict handwashing guidelines to prevent infection from spreading Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the lymphatic system in immune response?

To filter and trap pathogens and foreign substances from the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication of impetigo?

Cellulitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of wound care in pressure ulcer management?

To promote wound healing and tissue repair Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of infection transmission in impetigo?

Direct contact with infected skin lesions Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Lymphatic System

Lymph fluid flows through the lymphatic system due to a pressure gradient that forces fluid into lymphatic capillaries.

Pressure Areas

There are four stages of pressure areas.
A stage one pressure area is characterized by an area of persistent, non-blanchable redness when compared to the surrounding skin.

Impetigo

Impetigo is a contagious infection that spreads quickly.
To prevent the infection from spreading, strict handwashing guidelines must be followed by parents, caregivers, and family members.

Pyrogens

Pyrogens increase body temperature during times of pathogen invasion.
Pyrogens are not the same as prostaglandins, which are inflammatory chemicals involved in fever.

Viruses

Viruses need the host cell to reproduce because they lack organelles and are unable to participate in metabolic processes.

Braden Scale

The Braden scale is used to assess people who are at risk of developing pressure areas.

Hair Assessment

When assessing hair, changes in appetite or diet may influence nutritional intake, which can be evident in the condition of the hair.

Leukocytes

T lymphocytes mature in the thymus.

Skin Assessment

When assessing skin, turgor is an important consideration.

Immune System

NK cells and neutrophils are involved in innate immunity.
Sebaceous glands produce sebum.

Wounds

An acute wound is not defined as one that requires various treatments and takes a long time to heal.

Natural Killer Cells

Natural killer cells are not a type of macrophage.

Interferon

Interferon is effective against viruses.

Regulatory T Cells

Regulatory T cells suppress or shut down the immune system.

Lymphatic System Organs

The spleen filters blood.

Lymphatic Ducts

The right lymphatic duct drains vessels from the right arm, right side of the head and neck, and right side of the chest.

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Description

This quiz assesses knowledge of human anatomy and physiology, including the lymphatic system and circulation. Questions cover the flow of lymph fluid and the body parts involved.