Podcast
Questions and Answers
Human acts that observe or conform to the standard or norm of ______ are considered moral or ethical acts.
Human acts that observe or conform to the standard or norm of ______ are considered moral or ethical acts.
morality
An act is perfectly human when it is done with full ______ and full consent of the will.
An act is perfectly human when it is done with full ______ and full consent of the will.
knowledge
Refusing to help others is an example of an ______ or unethical act.
Refusing to help others is an example of an ______ or unethical act.
immoral
The absence of necessity, coercion, or constraint in choice or action describes ______.
The absence of necessity, coercion, or constraint in choice or action describes ______.
Conscience is the part of the mind that makes you aware of your actions as being either morally ______ or wrong.
Conscience is the part of the mind that makes you aware of your actions as being either morally ______ or wrong.
Spiritual freedom consists of beliefs and thoughts which exist in the hearts, minds, and ______ of individuals.
Spiritual freedom consists of beliefs and thoughts which exist in the hearts, minds, and ______ of individuals.
National freedom refers to a nation's freedom from ______.
National freedom refers to a nation's freedom from ______.
Ignorance pertains to the lack of pertinent ______ about the nature, circumstances, and effect of a certain action.
Ignorance pertains to the lack of pertinent ______ about the nature, circumstances, and effect of a certain action.
Invincible ignorance occurs when one is totally ignorant of the things surrounding his/her action and there is no way to ______ it.
Invincible ignorance occurs when one is totally ignorant of the things surrounding his/her action and there is no way to ______ it.
The culpability of an individual is negated when there is ______ ignorance.
The culpability of an individual is negated when there is ______ ignorance.
Vincible ignorance lessens one’s ______.
Vincible ignorance lessens one’s ______.
Affected vincible ignorance occurs when someone is pretending to be ______ to gain approval.
Affected vincible ignorance occurs when someone is pretending to be ______ to gain approval.
A student who pretends not to know the school’s policy is an example of ______ vincible ignorance.
A student who pretends not to know the school’s policy is an example of ______ vincible ignorance.
A good example of invincible ignorance is a person who is ______ and does not know how to read and write.
A good example of invincible ignorance is a person who is ______ and does not know how to read and write.
Supine or crass ignorance happens when a person exerts little effort to ______ something.
Supine or crass ignorance happens when a person exerts little effort to ______ something.
Giving the wrong medicine to a sick person may result in their condition becoming ______.
Giving the wrong medicine to a sick person may result in their condition becoming ______.
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Study Notes
Human Acts (Actus Humanus)
- Actions performed consciously and willingly by individuals.
- A human act is fully human when it is executed with full knowledge, consent, and freedom of choice.
- Human acts can be classified as either morally good or morally evil.
Classifications of Human Acts
-
Moral or Ethical Acts
- Align with moral standards and norms.
- Examples include: helping those in need, taking exams honestly, hosting parties for friends.
-
Immoral or Unethical Acts
- Violate moral standards.
- Examples include: refusing to help others, cheating on exams.
Types of Ethical Thoughts
-
Knowledge
- Acquired information, understanding, or skills through experience or education.
- Involves awareness of certain situations or facts.
-
Freedom
- The state of being free, without necessity or coercion in choices or actions.
-
Conscience
- The mental faculty that perceives actions as morally right or wrong.
- Accompanies feelings of remorse for morally wrong actions.
Types of Freedom
-
National Freedom
- A nation’s autonomy from foreign control; a universal aspiration among societies.
-
Political Freedom
- Citizens' rights to participate in governance; often seen in democracies.
-
Individual Freedom
- Personal rights and liberties outlined by law or constitutions.
-
Spiritual Freedom
- Individual beliefs that cannot be controlled or taken away; intrinsic to personal identity.
Impediments to Human Acts
-
Ignorance
- Lack of relevant information regarding the nature and effects of actions.
- Occurs when individuals act without considering necessary information.
-
Types of Ignorance
-
Invincible Ignorance
- Complete lack of knowledge about surrounding circumstances; no means to dispel it.
- Results in negated culpability. Example: An illiterate person unaware of jaywalking laws.
-
Vincible Ignorance
- Mistakes arising from knowledge that could have been acquired; culpability is mitigated.
- Two forms:
- Affected Vincible Ignorance
- Pretended ignorance to gain approval for wrongful actions, increasing culpability. Example: A student feigning ignorance of dress code policies.
- Supine or Crass Ignorance
- Lack of effort to seek information; risks consequences. Example: Incorrectly administering medicine to a sick person.
- Affected Vincible Ignorance
-
Human Acts (Actus Humanus)
- Actions performed consciously and willingly by individuals.
- A human act is fully human when it is executed with full knowledge, consent, and freedom of choice.
- Human acts can be classified as either morally good or morally evil.
Classifications of Human Acts
-
Moral or Ethical Acts
- Align with moral standards and norms.
- Examples include: helping those in need, taking exams honestly, hosting parties for friends.
-
Immoral or Unethical Acts
- Violate moral standards.
- Examples include: refusing to help others, cheating on exams.
Types of Ethical Thoughts
-
Knowledge
- Acquired information, understanding, or skills through experience or education.
- Involves awareness of certain situations or facts.
-
Freedom
- The state of being free, without necessity or coercion in choices or actions.
-
Conscience
- The mental faculty that perceives actions as morally right or wrong.
- Accompanies feelings of remorse for morally wrong actions.
Types of Freedom
-
National Freedom
- A nation’s autonomy from foreign control; a universal aspiration among societies.
-
Political Freedom
- Citizens' rights to participate in governance; often seen in democracies.
-
Individual Freedom
- Personal rights and liberties outlined by law or constitutions.
-
Spiritual Freedom
- Individual beliefs that cannot be controlled or taken away; intrinsic to personal identity.
Impediments to Human Acts
-
Ignorance
- Lack of relevant information regarding the nature and effects of actions.
- Occurs when individuals act without considering necessary information.
-
Types of Ignorance
-
Invincible Ignorance
- Complete lack of knowledge about surrounding circumstances; no means to dispel it.
- Results in negated culpability. Example: An illiterate person unaware of jaywalking laws.
-
Vincible Ignorance
- Mistakes arising from knowledge that could have been acquired; culpability is mitigated.
- Two forms:
- Affected Vincible Ignorance
- Pretended ignorance to gain approval for wrongful actions, increasing culpability. Example: A student feigning ignorance of dress code policies.
- Supine or Crass Ignorance
- Lack of effort to seek information; risks consequences. Example: Incorrectly administering medicine to a sick person.
- Affected Vincible Ignorance
-
Human Acts (Actus Humanus)
- Actions performed consciously and willingly by individuals.
- A human act is fully human when it is executed with full knowledge, consent, and freedom of choice.
- Human acts can be classified as either morally good or morally evil.
Classifications of Human Acts
-
Moral or Ethical Acts
- Align with moral standards and norms.
- Examples include: helping those in need, taking exams honestly, hosting parties for friends.
-
Immoral or Unethical Acts
- Violate moral standards.
- Examples include: refusing to help others, cheating on exams.
Types of Ethical Thoughts
-
Knowledge
- Acquired information, understanding, or skills through experience or education.
- Involves awareness of certain situations or facts.
-
Freedom
- The state of being free, without necessity or coercion in choices or actions.
-
Conscience
- The mental faculty that perceives actions as morally right or wrong.
- Accompanies feelings of remorse for morally wrong actions.
Types of Freedom
-
National Freedom
- A nation’s autonomy from foreign control; a universal aspiration among societies.
-
Political Freedom
- Citizens' rights to participate in governance; often seen in democracies.
-
Individual Freedom
- Personal rights and liberties outlined by law or constitutions.
-
Spiritual Freedom
- Individual beliefs that cannot be controlled or taken away; intrinsic to personal identity.
Impediments to Human Acts
-
Ignorance
- Lack of relevant information regarding the nature and effects of actions.
- Occurs when individuals act without considering necessary information.
-
Types of Ignorance
-
Invincible Ignorance
- Complete lack of knowledge about surrounding circumstances; no means to dispel it.
- Results in negated culpability. Example: An illiterate person unaware of jaywalking laws.
-
Vincible Ignorance
- Mistakes arising from knowledge that could have been acquired; culpability is mitigated.
- Two forms:
- Affected Vincible Ignorance
- Pretended ignorance to gain approval for wrongful actions, increasing culpability. Example: A student feigning ignorance of dress code policies.
- Supine or Crass Ignorance
- Lack of effort to seek information; risks consequences. Example: Incorrectly administering medicine to a sick person.
- Affected Vincible Ignorance
-
Human Acts (Actus Humanus)
- Actions performed consciously and willingly by individuals.
- A human act is fully human when it is executed with full knowledge, consent, and freedom of choice.
- Human acts can be classified as either morally good or morally evil.
Classifications of Human Acts
-
Moral or Ethical Acts
- Align with moral standards and norms.
- Examples include: helping those in need, taking exams honestly, hosting parties for friends.
-
Immoral or Unethical Acts
- Violate moral standards.
- Examples include: refusing to help others, cheating on exams.
Types of Ethical Thoughts
-
Knowledge
- Acquired information, understanding, or skills through experience or education.
- Involves awareness of certain situations or facts.
-
Freedom
- The state of being free, without necessity or coercion in choices or actions.
-
Conscience
- The mental faculty that perceives actions as morally right or wrong.
- Accompanies feelings of remorse for morally wrong actions.
Types of Freedom
-
National Freedom
- A nation’s autonomy from foreign control; a universal aspiration among societies.
-
Political Freedom
- Citizens' rights to participate in governance; often seen in democracies.
-
Individual Freedom
- Personal rights and liberties outlined by law or constitutions.
-
Spiritual Freedom
- Individual beliefs that cannot be controlled or taken away; intrinsic to personal identity.
Impediments to Human Acts
-
Ignorance
- Lack of relevant information regarding the nature and effects of actions.
- Occurs when individuals act without considering necessary information.
-
Types of Ignorance
-
Invincible Ignorance
- Complete lack of knowledge about surrounding circumstances; no means to dispel it.
- Results in negated culpability. Example: An illiterate person unaware of jaywalking laws.
-
Vincible Ignorance
- Mistakes arising from knowledge that could have been acquired; culpability is mitigated.
- Two forms:
- Affected Vincible Ignorance
- Pretended ignorance to gain approval for wrongful actions, increasing culpability. Example: A student feigning ignorance of dress code policies.
- Supine or Crass Ignorance
- Lack of effort to seek information; risks consequences. Example: Incorrectly administering medicine to a sick person.
- Affected Vincible Ignorance
-
Human Acts (Actus Humanus)
- Actions performed consciously and willingly by individuals.
- A human act is fully human when it is executed with full knowledge, consent, and freedom of choice.
- Human acts can be classified as either morally good or morally evil.
Classifications of Human Acts
-
Moral or Ethical Acts
- Align with moral standards and norms.
- Examples include: helping those in need, taking exams honestly, hosting parties for friends.
-
Immoral or Unethical Acts
- Violate moral standards.
- Examples include: refusing to help others, cheating on exams.
Types of Ethical Thoughts
-
Knowledge
- Acquired information, understanding, or skills through experience or education.
- Involves awareness of certain situations or facts.
-
Freedom
- The state of being free, without necessity or coercion in choices or actions.
-
Conscience
- The mental faculty that perceives actions as morally right or wrong.
- Accompanies feelings of remorse for morally wrong actions.
Types of Freedom
-
National Freedom
- A nation’s autonomy from foreign control; a universal aspiration among societies.
-
Political Freedom
- Citizens' rights to participate in governance; often seen in democracies.
-
Individual Freedom
- Personal rights and liberties outlined by law or constitutions.
-
Spiritual Freedom
- Individual beliefs that cannot be controlled or taken away; intrinsic to personal identity.
Impediments to Human Acts
-
Ignorance
- Lack of relevant information regarding the nature and effects of actions.
- Occurs when individuals act without considering necessary information.
-
Types of Ignorance
-
Invincible Ignorance
- Complete lack of knowledge about surrounding circumstances; no means to dispel it.
- Results in negated culpability. Example: An illiterate person unaware of jaywalking laws.
-
Vincible Ignorance
- Mistakes arising from knowledge that could have been acquired; culpability is mitigated.
- Two forms:
- Affected Vincible Ignorance
- Pretended ignorance to gain approval for wrongful actions, increasing culpability. Example: A student feigning ignorance of dress code policies.
- Supine or Crass Ignorance
- Lack of effort to seek information; risks consequences. Example: Incorrectly administering medicine to a sick person.
- Affected Vincible Ignorance
-
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