Questions and Answers
Human acts that observe or conform to the standard or norm of ______ are considered moral or ethical acts.
morality
An act is perfectly human when it is done with full ______ and full consent of the will.
knowledge
Refusing to help others is an example of an ______ or unethical act.
immoral
The absence of necessity, coercion, or constraint in choice or action describes ______.
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Conscience is the part of the mind that makes you aware of your actions as being either morally ______ or wrong.
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Spiritual freedom consists of beliefs and thoughts which exist in the hearts, minds, and ______ of individuals.
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National freedom refers to a nation's freedom from ______.
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Ignorance pertains to the lack of pertinent ______ about the nature, circumstances, and effect of a certain action.
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Invincible ignorance occurs when one is totally ignorant of the things surrounding his/her action and there is no way to ______ it.
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The culpability of an individual is negated when there is ______ ignorance.
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Vincible ignorance lessens one’s ______.
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Affected vincible ignorance occurs when someone is pretending to be ______ to gain approval.
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A student who pretends not to know the school’s policy is an example of ______ vincible ignorance.
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A good example of invincible ignorance is a person who is ______ and does not know how to read and write.
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Supine or crass ignorance happens when a person exerts little effort to ______ something.
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Giving the wrong medicine to a sick person may result in their condition becoming ______.
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Study Notes
Human Acts (Actus Humanus)
- Actions performed consciously and willingly by individuals.
- A human act is fully human when it is executed with full knowledge, consent, and freedom of choice.
- Human acts can be classified as either morally good or morally evil.
Classifications of Human Acts
-
Moral or Ethical Acts
- Align with moral standards and norms.
- Examples include: helping those in need, taking exams honestly, hosting parties for friends.
-
Immoral or Unethical Acts
- Violate moral standards.
- Examples include: refusing to help others, cheating on exams.
Types of Ethical Thoughts
-
Knowledge
- Acquired information, understanding, or skills through experience or education.
- Involves awareness of certain situations or facts.
-
Freedom
- The state of being free, without necessity or coercion in choices or actions.
-
Conscience
- The mental faculty that perceives actions as morally right or wrong.
- Accompanies feelings of remorse for morally wrong actions.
Types of Freedom
-
National Freedom
- A nation’s autonomy from foreign control; a universal aspiration among societies.
-
Political Freedom
- Citizens' rights to participate in governance; often seen in democracies.
-
Individual Freedom
- Personal rights and liberties outlined by law or constitutions.
-
Spiritual Freedom
- Individual beliefs that cannot be controlled or taken away; intrinsic to personal identity.
Impediments to Human Acts
-
Ignorance
- Lack of relevant information regarding the nature and effects of actions.
- Occurs when individuals act without considering necessary information.
-
Types of Ignorance
-
Invincible Ignorance
- Complete lack of knowledge about surrounding circumstances; no means to dispel it.
- Results in negated culpability. Example: An illiterate person unaware of jaywalking laws.
-
Vincible Ignorance
- Mistakes arising from knowledge that could have been acquired; culpability is mitigated.
- Two forms:
-
Affected Vincible Ignorance
- Pretended ignorance to gain approval for wrongful actions, increasing culpability. Example: A student feigning ignorance of dress code policies.
-
Supine or Crass Ignorance
- Lack of effort to seek information; risks consequences. Example: Incorrectly administering medicine to a sick person.
-
Affected Vincible Ignorance
-
Human Acts (Actus Humanus)
- Actions performed consciously and willingly by individuals.
- A human act is fully human when it is executed with full knowledge, consent, and freedom of choice.
- Human acts can be classified as either morally good or morally evil.
Classifications of Human Acts
-
Moral or Ethical Acts
- Align with moral standards and norms.
- Examples include: helping those in need, taking exams honestly, hosting parties for friends.
-
Immoral or Unethical Acts
- Violate moral standards.
- Examples include: refusing to help others, cheating on exams.
Types of Ethical Thoughts
-
Knowledge
- Acquired information, understanding, or skills through experience or education.
- Involves awareness of certain situations or facts.
-
Freedom
- The state of being free, without necessity or coercion in choices or actions.
-
Conscience
- The mental faculty that perceives actions as morally right or wrong.
- Accompanies feelings of remorse for morally wrong actions.
Types of Freedom
-
National Freedom
- A nation’s autonomy from foreign control; a universal aspiration among societies.
-
Political Freedom
- Citizens' rights to participate in governance; often seen in democracies.
-
Individual Freedom
- Personal rights and liberties outlined by law or constitutions.
-
Spiritual Freedom
- Individual beliefs that cannot be controlled or taken away; intrinsic to personal identity.
Impediments to Human Acts
-
Ignorance
- Lack of relevant information regarding the nature and effects of actions.
- Occurs when individuals act without considering necessary information.
-
Types of Ignorance
-
Invincible Ignorance
- Complete lack of knowledge about surrounding circumstances; no means to dispel it.
- Results in negated culpability. Example: An illiterate person unaware of jaywalking laws.
-
Vincible Ignorance
- Mistakes arising from knowledge that could have been acquired; culpability is mitigated.
- Two forms:
-
Affected Vincible Ignorance
- Pretended ignorance to gain approval for wrongful actions, increasing culpability. Example: A student feigning ignorance of dress code policies.
-
Supine or Crass Ignorance
- Lack of effort to seek information; risks consequences. Example: Incorrectly administering medicine to a sick person.
-
Affected Vincible Ignorance
-
Human Acts (Actus Humanus)
- Actions performed consciously and willingly by individuals.
- A human act is fully human when it is executed with full knowledge, consent, and freedom of choice.
- Human acts can be classified as either morally good or morally evil.
Classifications of Human Acts
-
Moral or Ethical Acts
- Align with moral standards and norms.
- Examples include: helping those in need, taking exams honestly, hosting parties for friends.
-
Immoral or Unethical Acts
- Violate moral standards.
- Examples include: refusing to help others, cheating on exams.
Types of Ethical Thoughts
-
Knowledge
- Acquired information, understanding, or skills through experience or education.
- Involves awareness of certain situations or facts.
-
Freedom
- The state of being free, without necessity or coercion in choices or actions.
-
Conscience
- The mental faculty that perceives actions as morally right or wrong.
- Accompanies feelings of remorse for morally wrong actions.
Types of Freedom
-
National Freedom
- A nation’s autonomy from foreign control; a universal aspiration among societies.
-
Political Freedom
- Citizens' rights to participate in governance; often seen in democracies.
-
Individual Freedom
- Personal rights and liberties outlined by law or constitutions.
-
Spiritual Freedom
- Individual beliefs that cannot be controlled or taken away; intrinsic to personal identity.
Impediments to Human Acts
-
Ignorance
- Lack of relevant information regarding the nature and effects of actions.
- Occurs when individuals act without considering necessary information.
-
Types of Ignorance
-
Invincible Ignorance
- Complete lack of knowledge about surrounding circumstances; no means to dispel it.
- Results in negated culpability. Example: An illiterate person unaware of jaywalking laws.
-
Vincible Ignorance
- Mistakes arising from knowledge that could have been acquired; culpability is mitigated.
- Two forms:
-
Affected Vincible Ignorance
- Pretended ignorance to gain approval for wrongful actions, increasing culpability. Example: A student feigning ignorance of dress code policies.
-
Supine or Crass Ignorance
- Lack of effort to seek information; risks consequences. Example: Incorrectly administering medicine to a sick person.
-
Affected Vincible Ignorance
-
Human Acts (Actus Humanus)
- Actions performed consciously and willingly by individuals.
- A human act is fully human when it is executed with full knowledge, consent, and freedom of choice.
- Human acts can be classified as either morally good or morally evil.
Classifications of Human Acts
-
Moral or Ethical Acts
- Align with moral standards and norms.
- Examples include: helping those in need, taking exams honestly, hosting parties for friends.
-
Immoral or Unethical Acts
- Violate moral standards.
- Examples include: refusing to help others, cheating on exams.
Types of Ethical Thoughts
-
Knowledge
- Acquired information, understanding, or skills through experience or education.
- Involves awareness of certain situations or facts.
-
Freedom
- The state of being free, without necessity or coercion in choices or actions.
-
Conscience
- The mental faculty that perceives actions as morally right or wrong.
- Accompanies feelings of remorse for morally wrong actions.
Types of Freedom
-
National Freedom
- A nation’s autonomy from foreign control; a universal aspiration among societies.
-
Political Freedom
- Citizens' rights to participate in governance; often seen in democracies.
-
Individual Freedom
- Personal rights and liberties outlined by law or constitutions.
-
Spiritual Freedom
- Individual beliefs that cannot be controlled or taken away; intrinsic to personal identity.
Impediments to Human Acts
-
Ignorance
- Lack of relevant information regarding the nature and effects of actions.
- Occurs when individuals act without considering necessary information.
-
Types of Ignorance
-
Invincible Ignorance
- Complete lack of knowledge about surrounding circumstances; no means to dispel it.
- Results in negated culpability. Example: An illiterate person unaware of jaywalking laws.
-
Vincible Ignorance
- Mistakes arising from knowledge that could have been acquired; culpability is mitigated.
- Two forms:
-
Affected Vincible Ignorance
- Pretended ignorance to gain approval for wrongful actions, increasing culpability. Example: A student feigning ignorance of dress code policies.
-
Supine or Crass Ignorance
- Lack of effort to seek information; risks consequences. Example: Incorrectly administering medicine to a sick person.
-
Affected Vincible Ignorance
-
Human Acts (Actus Humanus)
- Actions performed consciously and willingly by individuals.
- A human act is fully human when it is executed with full knowledge, consent, and freedom of choice.
- Human acts can be classified as either morally good or morally evil.
Classifications of Human Acts
-
Moral or Ethical Acts
- Align with moral standards and norms.
- Examples include: helping those in need, taking exams honestly, hosting parties for friends.
-
Immoral or Unethical Acts
- Violate moral standards.
- Examples include: refusing to help others, cheating on exams.
Types of Ethical Thoughts
-
Knowledge
- Acquired information, understanding, or skills through experience or education.
- Involves awareness of certain situations or facts.
-
Freedom
- The state of being free, without necessity or coercion in choices or actions.
-
Conscience
- The mental faculty that perceives actions as morally right or wrong.
- Accompanies feelings of remorse for morally wrong actions.
Types of Freedom
-
National Freedom
- A nation’s autonomy from foreign control; a universal aspiration among societies.
-
Political Freedom
- Citizens' rights to participate in governance; often seen in democracies.
-
Individual Freedom
- Personal rights and liberties outlined by law or constitutions.
-
Spiritual Freedom
- Individual beliefs that cannot be controlled or taken away; intrinsic to personal identity.
Impediments to Human Acts
-
Ignorance
- Lack of relevant information regarding the nature and effects of actions.
- Occurs when individuals act without considering necessary information.
-
Types of Ignorance
-
Invincible Ignorance
- Complete lack of knowledge about surrounding circumstances; no means to dispel it.
- Results in negated culpability. Example: An illiterate person unaware of jaywalking laws.
-
Vincible Ignorance
- Mistakes arising from knowledge that could have been acquired; culpability is mitigated.
- Two forms:
-
Affected Vincible Ignorance
- Pretended ignorance to gain approval for wrongful actions, increasing culpability. Example: A student feigning ignorance of dress code policies.
-
Supine or Crass Ignorance
- Lack of effort to seek information; risks consequences. Example: Incorrectly administering medicine to a sick person.
-
Affected Vincible Ignorance
-
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Description
Explore the concepts of human acts, focusing on moral and immoral actions. This quiz delves into the distinctions between ethical and unethical behavior, providing examples of each. Test your understanding of what makes an act fully human in terms of knowledge, consent, and freedom of choice.
