Huawei Storage and eSight Management

• Hybrid flash memory uses multi-plane system design.
• The GE channel is used for data transmission in the business plane.
• When the GE switching channel fails, the PCIE switching channel acts as a backup.
• Each plane is redundant & the control plane transmits when the business plane fails.
• The service plane connects the host IO channel, disk IO channel, and GE switching channel.
• Huawei storage solutions include Disaster Recovery, Backup, and Archiving.
• To view the multipath configuration on a Linux business host, run the "upadmin show upconfig" command.
• To query virtual disk information on a Linux business host, run the "upadmin show vlun" command.
• The command "rpm -qa | grep UltraPath" checks if multipath software is installed on Linux.
• eSight has a component-based architecture, allowing customers to choose components.
• eSight manages Huawei servers, storage, virtualization, switches, routers, WLAN, and firewalls.
• eSight uses B/S architecture.
• Two hard disks failing simultaneously in the same RAID 5 group can cause data loss.
• Three hard disks failing in any scenario within RAID 5 will cause data loss.
• Host-layer disaster recovery occupies host resources and impacts the application system.
• Network-layer disaster recovery has relatively low initial costs and many vendor solutions.
• Array-layer disaster recovery requires arrays from the same manufacturer and cannot solve heterogeneous problems.
• Host-layer DR is implemented on the host side only.
• DME Storage connects to customer platforms via Restful and SNMP protocols.
• Local high availability architecture with active/standby mode is inadequate for data center-level failures.
• Huawei's new generation hybrid flash storage supports 100Gb RDMA, 32Gb FC, 12Gb SAS & 25Gb RDMA backend interfaces.
• SmartCache is unsuitable if SSDs are too costly and NL-SAS drives don't meet performance needs.
• SmartTier, SmartClone, and SmartMetro are technologies appropriate for tiered storage, data cloning, and metro-area disaster recovery, respectively.
• SmartThin's incorrect descriptions include the system can be expanded by expanding the backend storage unit, which requires system downtime, and that the storage space seen by the user is the same that is actually allocated by the system.
• SAS cable channels are generally 12Gb/s.
• SAS devices connect in a loop.
• Line bandwidth limits the number of hard disks in the loop.
• SAS cables generally have 4 channels.
• Reverse incremental synchronization is supported inside of HypeClone
• After creating HyperClone, start initial data synchronization, it any exists, the target LUN's original data will be overwritten.
• When using HyperClone, the initial data synchronization is a full synchronization.
• WORM features enable files in a WORM file system to transition between expired, initial, locked, and append states.
• Network rules to consider when deploying a storage network architecture:
• Consider customer room conditions to accommodate the amount of nodes.
• Evaluate the total power consumption and weight of the storage nodes, switches, and KVM.
• Connect nodes inside the base cabinet to the switch via network and SFP+ cables, in a typical configuration
• Scale-Up is achieved by increasing memory.
• Scale-Up is a vertical expansion architecture.
• When writing data, the check block values for M include 2, 3, and 4.
• NAS devices optimize the operating system including search functions, file service functions & storage functions
• Huawei OceanStor distributed storage supports SCSI, iSCSI, S3, Swift, and HDFS interface protocols.
• Valid parameters for the "upadm set loadbalancemode=()" command: min-queue-depth, min-task, round-robin & split-size.
• NAS architecture allows UNIX and Windows users to seamlessly share data.
• NAS eliminates the need for multiple file servers.
• NAS uses network and file sharing protocols for archiving/storage & is based on file-level sharing.
• Performance indicators for mechanical hard disks include hard disk speed, data transfer rate, and average visit time.
• Each channel of SLC can store 1 bit of data.
• Each channel of MLC can store 2 bits of data.
• Multi-path software functions involve:
  • Optimal path selection: selecting the best path among multiple paths for operation to obtain the best performance.
  • Path IO load balancing: automatically use multiple paths for delivery to improve IO performance.
  • Failover: ensure uninterrupted service when failure occurs.
  • Failure recovery: after a service link is restored (failback).
• Multipathing software's roles include failure path switching, IO traffic load balancing, and failure path recovery.
• Advantages of Huawei RAID 2.0+ over traditional RAID include automatic load balancing, quick refactoring, and simplified management.
• OceanStor BCManager enables unified, intelligent, and simplified disaster recovery scheduling and maintenance, utilizing primary/secondary, active/active, and 3DC solutions.
• FCoE (Fibre Channel over Ethernet)
  • Transmits Fibre Channel signals over enhanced lossless Ethernet.
  • Has a shorter transmission distance than FC protocol.
  • Requires enhanced lossless Ethernet to meet FC protocol link layer requirements.
  • Encapsulates FC in Ethernet frames, enabling LAN and SAN traffic on the same Ethernet.
• SmartThin offers reduced initial investment, satisfies business storage needs, and improves storage utilization.
• Hard disks in the hard disk domain corresponding to the company's main business include SAS and SSD.
• Disaster recovery drill recovery modes of Huawei BCManager are failover and planned migration.
• CIFS protocol
  • Involves more interactions than NFS protocol, and it needs TCP/IP for file resource sharing.
• Solutions that solve host resource utilization in an IP SAN network:
• Installing a TOE NIC card.
• Installing an iSCSI HBA card.
• DAS (Direct Attached Storage) characteristics:
  • Limited ports for host connection.
  • Requires system shutdown for internal maintenance.
• To optimize the performance when the data access of the business writes was very high when using SmartTier configurations you should prioritize allocating capacity from the high performance tier and migrating to the high performance tier.
• Mirroring scenarios for HyperMirror involves mirroring of two LUNs in the array or using heterogeneous virtualization to realize the mirroring of LUN of heterogeneous arrays and local arrays.,
• The volume mirror cannot have two LUNs under the same controller.
• A hard disk is divided into chunks, and LUN is composed of extents/grains.
• Chunks in a CKG may come from the same hard disk while coming from different storage pools is correct
• All-flash storage products ensure high reliability through power failure protection, Coffer Disk, dual redundant design/A/A working mode & Advanced data protection (HyperSnap, HyperReplication).
• Types of SCSI protocol include iSCSI, FCP, and SAS links.
• Huawei OceanStor all-flash storage software:
  • Ability to manage storage systems through management function control software.
  • Ability to realize basic data storage/read/write functions.
  • Can support intelligent tiering by dividing data into different storage tiers.
  • Ability to implement advanced functions through value-added function control software (backup, disaster recovery and performance tuning).
• A broken hard disk during bank IT storage equipment relocation can be cause due to a broken magnetic head and the head displacement scratching the disk.
• In Huawei all-flash storage devices, the following operations are included in SmartQos configuration, deleting, adding a new LUN object, removing LUN objects, modifying, and activating/deactivating SmartQos strategy
• Flash memory particles included in SSD hard drives are TLC, MIC, SLC and QLC.
• backup types are divided into full, incremental, and differential backup
• Application scenarios for SmartQos technology occur when business pressure exceeds normal capacity; to reduce performance impact, you can configuring a guarantee strategy for key businesses, suitability with multiple services under excess pressure, and limitations of maxium burst traffic of backup services to reduce the performance impact on online services.
• Factors affecting mechanical hard disk performance include single disk capacity, speed, interface speed, and seek speed.
• IP vs FC SAN
  • IP SAN itself can achieve local and remote disaster recovery, and the cost is low & has no distance requirement in theory.
  • FC SAN is more technologically complex with higher costs, more complexity and management associated to it.
• A Thin LUN enables users to create lun that is larger than the maximum physical available space in the storage pool & consumes minimal storage, but cannot be directly converted to Thick LUN.
• States defined for files in a WORM file system include append, expired, locked, and initial states.

Overview of Huawei storage solutions including hybrid flash memory, data transmission channels, and redundancy. Also covers eSight's component-based architecture for managing servers, storage, and network devices. Includes commands for Linux business hosts.