HTTP and HTTPS Fundamentals

Study Notes

HTTP serves as the core protocol for data communication on the World Wide Web, enabling access to hypertext documents through hyperlinks.
HTTPS enhances security for data in transit, protecting against eavesdropping attacks by encrypting transmitted data.
Uses of HTTPS include securing financial transactions online and preventing censorship by authorities or ISPs.
Data is transferred through HTTPS using port 443.

FTP is a standard protocol for transferring files between a client and server over a network.
It operates on a client-server architecture that utilizes separate control and data connections for communication.

Telnet allows users to remotely connect to computers (hosts) over a TCP/IP network.
Interaction is facilitated via telnet client software that connects to a telnet server.

The WWW is a hypermedia information storage system linking computer resources globally, consisting of interlinked documents.
It encompasses millions of web pages that include various media formats like text, images, voice, and video.

A URL identifies the location and type of a resource on the web, functioning as a computer address.

Browser history can be viewed by Date, Site, Most Visited, or Order Visited Today, allowing users to navigate previously accessed pages easily.
Users can change the view settings using keyboard shortcuts.

<h1>: Displays larger text (header).
<center>: Aligns text and objects centrally on the page.
<s>: Strikes through text by drawing a line across it.
<marquee>: Creates scrolling text across the screen.
<blink>: Makes text blink on the page (note: deprecated in modern HTML).
<button>: Inserts clickable buttons within forms, preferable over "input type" for flexibility.
<div>: Defines logical divisions within a document to separate content.
<style>: Applies CSS styling and is used within the <head> section.
<textarea>: Allows multi-line text input in forms.
<sub>: Displays subscript text (e.g., H2SO4).
<sup>: Displays superscript text (e.g., a²b).

The basic structure of an HTML document includes root elements designated using <html> tags, making the content valid for rendering in web browsers.
<p>: Marks the beginning and end of a paragraph; can include alignment attributes.

Unordered lists are created using <ul> for the list container and <li> for list items, lacking numerical order.
Ordered lists utilize <ol> for the container and also use <li> for items, presenting them in a numbered format.
The type attribute in unordered lists can specify bullet styles, such as disc, circle, or square.