HTML Tags and Attributes Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which attribute of the <marquee> tag is used to control the speed of the scrolling text?

  • loop
  • scrollamount (correct)
  • width
  • scrolldelay

What is the default value for the loop attribute in the <marquee> tag?

  • 1
  • 10
  • INFINITE (correct)
  • 5

Which attribute in the <marquee> tag determines the direction of the scrolling text?

  • behavior
  • direction (correct)
  • scrolldelay
  • scrollamount

What is the recommended replacement for the <marquee> tag in HTML5?

<p>CSS (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What HTML tag is used for embedding multimedia content directly into a web page?

<p><code>&lt;embed&gt;</code> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which attribute is not used to set the spacing around the marquee text?

<p>scrolldelay (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the default direction of scrolling for the <marquee> tag?

<p>Right to Left (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which attribute allows specifying the background color of the <marquee> element?

<p>bgcolor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tag is used to bold text without any logical importance?

<p><b> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tag provides semantic value while displaying text in italic?

<p><em> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the tag do in HTML?

<p>It highlights text. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the tag accomplish in HTML?

<p>It creates underlined text. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tag is used to create a strikethrough effect on text?

<p><strike> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the tag have on text?

<p>Raises it slightly above the baseline. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tag is utilized to represent text that is intended to be smaller than the surrounding text?

<p><small> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the tag indicate about the text it encloses?

<p>It has been deleted. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The tag is used for which purpose?

<p>To insert text. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tag is applied to text for monospaced font formatting?

<p><tt> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you increase the font size of a text in HTML?

<p>Utilizing the <big> tag. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the tag do?

<p>Displays text in subscript. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tags is not used in HTML5?

<p><strike> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tag marks text that is to be emphasized semantically?

<p><em> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of product use does the Why address in UX design?

<p>The users' motivations for adopting the product (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT one of the goals of human-computer interaction?

<p>Developing technical specifications (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In HCI, which of the following components does 'Interaction' refer to?

<p>The relationship between humans and technology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How has the scope of HCI evolved since its beginnings?

<p>It now incorporates nearly all forms of information technology design (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is understanding users’ mental models crucial in HCI?

<p>It ensures that technology is built for everyday users (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the multifaceted field focusing on human interaction with technology?

<p>Human-Computer Interaction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential consideration for UX designers when determining the How?

<p>Ensuring the design is aesthetically pleasing and accessible (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of factors should developers understand to achieve usability in HCI?

<p>Human factors affecting technology use (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following disciplines is NOT commonly associated with HCI?

<p>Robotics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of human factors in relation to HCI?

<p>Minimizing human error and enhancing comfort (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a storyboard in web development?

<p>To present a sequence of wireframes for user features (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which step involves determining the structure of the information for a website?

<p>Planning the structure of the information (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What attribute determines the alignment of a multimedia object in HTML?

<p>align (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a website mockup primarily used for?

<p>To demonstrate the visual layout of the website (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided during the mockup stage?

<p>Employing placeholder text like Lorem Ipsum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following file types is NOT supported for embedding in HTML multimedia?

<p>.bmp (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'loop' attribute specify for multimedia playback?

<p>Repeats the media continuously or for a set number of times (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to design practices, what does 'value' refer to?

<p>The gradation of lightness or darkness of a color (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which software tools are commonly used for creating mockups?

<p>InVision, Figma, Sketch (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element wraps all content on an HTML page?

<html> (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the '' tag in HTML?

<p>To define the character encoding for the document (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended design approach during the mockup stage?

<p>Mobile-first design (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the storyboarding process, what is essential to confirm upfront?

<p>User requirements and features (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should attributes be formatted in an HTML element?

<p>With spaces between the attribute name and value (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'hidden' attribute do in HTML?

<p>Specifies if the multimedia object should be displayed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What element of design helps to guide the viewer's eye within a composition?

<p>Line (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines an HTML element?

<p>A combination of opening tag, closing tag, and content (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a mockup as opposed to a prototype?

<p>A mockup is a visual representation; a prototype includes functional elements (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial step in storyboarding a website design?

<p>Collecting the necessary information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'autostart' attribute control in HTML multimedia?

<p>Whether the media should start playing automatically (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In HTML, what is the role of the '' element?

<p>It includes metadata and links to resources (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When designers create color schemes, what guideline is often utilized?

<p>Color theory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of web design, what is the benefit of storyboarding?

<p>It helps avoid redoing content on multiple pages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What attribute defines the volume level for audio in HTML?

<p>volume (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element should include a doctype declaration?

<html> (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered an element of design?

<p>Harmony (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common mistake when coding HTML elements?

<p>Failing to add a closing tag (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the 'width' attribute have on multimedia objects?

<p>It sets the object's width in pixels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the benefits of allowing users to reverse their actions?

<p>It relieves anxiety by assuring users that errors can be undone. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle emphasizes keeping users informed about their actions, such as confirming before exiting without saving?

<p>Supporting internal locus of control (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of minimizing cognitive load in user interface design?

<p>To enhance users' capacity to perform tasks efficiently. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does familiarity play in user interface design?

<p>It enhances user retention and eases usability. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important aspect of the user control principle in interface design?

<p>Users need clear emergency exit options. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does hierarchy function in user interface design?

<p>It organizes elements for visual impact and guides user interaction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using negative space in a user interface?

<p>To make important elements stand out and improve readability. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is essential for flexibility in user interface design?

<p>To allow shortcuts for expert users while remaining learnable for novices. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended practice for clarity in UI design?

<p>Hiding important functions to reduce clutter. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do visual elements like color and size contribute to user interface design?

<p>They help establish a visual hierarchy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor in reducing the learning curve for users?

<p>Maintaining consistency with other familiar interfaces. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to offer undo and redo options in a user interface?

<p>It gives users confidence to explore without fear of losing progress. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the significance of the law of proximity in UI design?

<p>It helps users visually navigate through related elements on a page. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of outlining your user flow in text format before creating a wireframe?

<p>It speeds up the process of rearranging steps. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which wireframe size is appropriate for a typical mobile screen?

<p>1080px wide x 1920px long (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of paper is recommended for creating a physical wireframe?

<p>Dotted paper (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important factor to consider when determining conversion points in a wireframe?

<p>Intuitive navigation paths for the user (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should designers do to simplify a wireframe according to user needs?

<p>Remove redundant steps that complicate navigation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key guideline for creating consistent user interfaces?

<p>Using identical terminology and commands throughout the interface (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can informative feedback improve user experience?

<p>Through clear indications of actions recognized by the system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does designing dialog to yield closure help to provide users?

<p>A sense of accomplishment and readiness for the next steps (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of preventing user errors in the interface?

<p>To simplify usability and enhance user satisfaction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended action when gathering feedback on wireframes?

<p>Include diverse opinions from different user groups (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should designers consider when deciding on the fidelity of a wireframe?

<p>The purpose of the wireframe and necessary details (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended screen size for a 10-inch tablet wireframe?

<p>1200px wide x 1920px long (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common mistake made during the wireframing process?

<p>Attempting to create a production-ready wireframe in one round (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of goal-driven design?

<p>Satisfying user needs and desires (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element should not excessively clutter a user interface?

<p>Colors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'affordance' refer to in user interface design?

<p>The visual cues suggesting how an object can be used (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does usability impact user satisfaction?

<p>It leads to frustration and errors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is essential for maintaining discoverability in a user interface?

<p>Clearly labeling icons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using white space in a design?

<p>To help others view the design as intended (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of shape is characterized as angular and mathematically consistent?

<p>Geometric shapes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about interaction design?

<p>It only deals with text and pictures. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What element is described as representing how an object appears or feels?

<p>Texture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done with the layout to respect the user's attention?

<p>Focus on proper alignment and hierarchy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a wireframe from a sketch in the design process?

<p>Wireframes suggest structure without making final decisions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important principle of interactive design regarding controls?

<p>Place controls near relevant actionable items (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of light and shadow in realizing form?

<p>They create the illusion of physical configuration on a flat surface (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it suggested that interaction designers should work in teams?

<p>To benefit from diverse expertise and perspectives (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process involves outlining a website's basic structure and exploring design ideas?

<p>Wireframing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a usable system?

<p>Difficult to navigate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic that should be considered when creating sketches?

<p>They should be disposable and not held onto tightly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should interaction designers minimize in their designs?

<p>The number of actions for tasks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a design context, what does negative space refer to?

<p>Empty areas surrounding or between the focal point (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential issue with dark patterns in user interface design?

<p>They can mislead users into unintended actions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does feedback play in user interfaces?

<p>It informs users about system responses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What element is NOT typically used to create the appearance of three-dimensional shapes?

<p>Flat color application (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in creating a simple wireframe for a website?

<p>Understand the primary user flow before drafting layouts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines usability in human-computer interaction?

<p>Systems that are easy to use and understand (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What purpose does tactile texture serve in design?

<p>It provides a physical sense of touch for the viewer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which design element is concerned with how space is utilized around the focal point?

<p>Space (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an appropriate description of abstract shapes?

<p>Shapes that resemble real-world objects but are stylized (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the nature of sketches in design?

<p>They allow for rapid expression of initial ideas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best characterizes the balance between sketches and wireframes in design?

<p>Wireframes are more structured but allow less exploration than sketches (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of user interface (UI) design?

<p>Developing interfaces that are easy to use and visually appealing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is included in the concept of cognitive psychology as related to interaction design?

<p>The processes of attention, memory, and problem solving (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes an affordance in interaction design?

<p>Features that indicate to users how they should interact with them (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the fifth dimension, behavior, refer to in interaction design?

<p>The user's emotional reactions and experiences during interaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following formats is NOT a type of user interface?

<p>Text-based interfaces (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of mental models in interaction design?

<p>To guide designers in creating intuitive systems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of user experience (UX) design is NOT considered a subset of it?

<p>User research (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should designers perceive the user's interaction with their designs?

<p>As a transparent process with seamless usability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary goal when designing user interfaces?

<p>To ensure the design is invisible, focusing on task completion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the first dimension, words, in interaction design?

<p>Words should be simple and easily understood for communication (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is NOT a consideration when designing effective user interfaces?

<p>The user's device specifications (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In UI design, what is the significance of employing elements of gamification?

<p>To enhance user engagement and enjoyment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary focus of interaction designers when creating experiences?

<p>To ensure seamless and intuitive communication between user and system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'invisible design' imply in usability contexts?

<p>Design should not draw attention away from task completion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is the tag?

The HTML tag is used to display scrolling text. It's deprecated in HTML5, but you can achieve similar effects using CSS.

What's the default scrolling direction of ?

The default direction of scrolling in a tag is from right to left.

What should you use instead of the tag?

You should use CSS instead of the tag for scrolling text in HTML5.

What is the tag?

The tag is used to embed multimedia content like audio and video into a web page.

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What happens when a browser supports the tag?

Browsers that support the tag will automatically display controls for multimedia content.

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What can you use as an alternative to the tag?

You can use the tag to display an alternative image if the browser doesn't support the tag.

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What does the 'width' attribute do in a tag?

The 'width' attribute sets the width of the marquee.

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What does the 'direction' attribute control in a tag?

The 'direction' attribute specifies the direction of scrolling in a tag.

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Embed ( ) tag

An HTML tag that automatically includes controls for multimedia content within a web browser, based on the browser's support and the specified media type.

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Autostart Attribute

Tells the browser to start playing media automatically when the page loads. Use 'true' for automatic playback or 'false' for manual start.

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Align Attribute

Used to determine how a multimedia object is positioned on a web page, options are 'center', 'left', or 'right'.

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Loop Attribute

Controls how many times a sound or video repeats. Set to 'true' for continuous playback, 'false' for no loops, or a positive integer for a specific number of repetitions.

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Playcount Attribute

An alternate attribute to 'loop' for Internet Explorer, specifying the exact number of times to play a sound.

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Hidden Attribute

Controls visibility of multimedia objects. Set to 'true' to show the object or 'false' to hide it.

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Width Attribute

Defines the width of the multimedia object in pixels.

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Height Attribute

Defines the height of the multimedia object in pixels.

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Name Attribute

A unique name given to a multimedia object, used to refer to it within the HTML code.

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Src (Source) Attribute

The web address (URL) pointing to the multimedia file to be embedded within the page.

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Volume Attribute

Controls the volume level of the sound, ranging from 0 (silent) to 100 (full volume).

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Doctype Declaration

A declaration that informs the browser about the type of document being served (e.g., HTML).

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HTML Head Element ( )

The main container of all content within an HTML page, including text, images, and other multimedia elements.

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HTML Head Element ( )

The element within the tag that holds information about the page, such as keywords for search engines, stylesheets for styling, or any other metadata.

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Lang Attribute within HTML

A language attribute used to specify the primary language of the HTML document.

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Physical HTML Tags

HTML tags that control the visual appearance of text, such as bold, italic, or underline.

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Logical HTML Tags

HTML tags that describe the meaning or purpose of text, rather than dictating its style.

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Tag

The HTML tag used to make text bold; a physical tag.

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Tag

The HTML tag used to make text italic; a physical tag.

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Tag

The HTML tag used to highlight or mark text; a physical tag.

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Tag

The HTML tag used to underline text; a physical tag.

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Tag

The HTML tag used to strike through text; a physical tag; not supported in HTML5.

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Tag

The HTML tag used to display text in a teletype font; not supported in HTML5.

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Tag

The HTML tag used to display content slightly above the normal line; a physical tag.

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Tag

The HTML tag used to display content slightly below the normal line; a physical tag.

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del Tag

The HTML tag used to display text as deleted; a logical tag.

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ins Tag

The HTML tag used to display text as added or inserted; a logical tag.

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Tag

The HTML tag used to increase font size by one unit; a physical tag.

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Tag

The HTML tag used to decrease font size by one unit; a physical tag.

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What is a storyboard?

A visual roadmap of website scenes, actions, and dialogue in order. It uses wireframes to show user interaction and helps gather early feedback before development starts.

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What is a website mockup?

A full-size, detailed representation of a website's design, showing all elements, colors, fonts, and images. It's a blueprint for the website's look and feel.

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How do you storyboard a website?

Creating a storyboard involves gathering website content (text and images), organizing it into topics, and planning the page flow and menu structure. The goal is to ensure a logical navigation.

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What are the steps to building a website storyboard?

  1. Collect website content (text and images). 2. Organize content into topics from broad to narrow. 3. Determine each page's title, headings, subheadings, and content. 4. Plan the logical flow of pages (linear, hierarchical, or web-like). 5. Layout the menu structure. 6. Design the template page for the site's interior pages. 7. Test the layout by imagining yourself as a website visitor.
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What is the purpose of a mockup?

A mockup can be used to demonstrate the final visual design of a website. It can be a mid-fidelity mockup, with placeholder images and text, or a high-fidelity mockup showing the complete visual layout.

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What are some key considerations when creating a website mockup?

  1. Implement design ideas (colors, fonts, images, videos, etc.). 2. Style UI elements (navigation bars, buttons, links, etc.). 3. Start with a mobile-first design. 4. Don't use placeholder text; involve a writer to create real content for the mockup.
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What are the elements of design?

The elements of design are the building blocks of any visual design, including color, line, value, shape, form, space, and texture.

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How does color impact design?

Color helps set the mood and atmosphere of a design. Color theory involves understanding how colors interact and their psychological effects.

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What is a line in design?

A line connects two points in space. Lines can be horizontal, diagonal, vertical, curved, or patterned. They guide the eye and create texture.

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What is value in design?

Value refers to the lightness or darkness of a color. It's often visualized in a gradient, ranging from the lightest shade to the darkest shade of a color.

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What is shape in design?

Shape is a two-dimensional form enclosed by lines or an outline. It can be geometric (circles, squares) or organic (free-flowing shapes inspired by nature).

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What is form in design?

Form is a three-dimensional object with height, width, and depth. It can be geometric (cubes, spheres) or organic (irregular, natural forms).

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What is space in design?

Space refers to the empty areas around and between objects in a design. It can be positive (filled spaces) or negative (empty spaces).

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What is texture in design?

Texture refers to the surface quality of an object, whether it's smooth, rough, bumpy, or soft. It adds depth and dimension to a design.

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What are the principles of design?

The principles of design are guidelines for using the elements of design to create visually pleasing and effective compositions.

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What is a website wireframe?

A layout that visualizes user interaction with a website or application, showing how users navigate through different screens and actions. It helps understand the website's flow and identify potential problems.

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What is a user flow?

A visual representation of the user's journey, outlining the steps they take while using a website or application. It helps visualize the user flow and ensure a smooth and intuitive experience.

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What is usability testing?

The process of testing a website or application's user interface (UI) with real users to gather feedback and identify usability issues, ensuring a smooth and satisfying user experience.

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What are UI design principles?

A set of principles and guidelines for designing user interfaces that prioritize user needs, ensuring ease of use, effectiveness, and satisfaction.

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What is consistent UI?

A design approach that focuses on creating user interfaces that are consistent across all devices and platforms, ensuring a familiar and predictable experience for users.

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What are shortcuts in UI design?

Shortcuts or keyboard combinations that allow experienced users to quickly navigate and interact with a user interface, speeding up their workflow.

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What is informative feedback in UI?

Providing clear and informative feedback to users about their actions, ensuring they understand the results and can proceed confidently. This can be done with visual cues, messages, or progress indicators.

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What is error prevention in UI?

Designing user interfaces in a way that avoids common errors and provides clear guidance to users, reducing frustration and improving usability.

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What is designing dialog for closure in UI?

Organising user actions into logical sequences with a clear beginning, middle, and end, giving users a sense of progress and completion.

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What is error handling in UI?

Providing users with clear and concise information in case of errors, helping them understand what went wrong and how to resolve it.

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What is user-friendly design?

Designing user interfaces that are easy to understand and use, regardless of the user's experience level. It involves using simple language, clear icons, and intuitive navigation.

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What is cognitive load reduction in UI?

A type of user interface design that focuses on reducing the user's cognitive load by presenting information in a clear, concise, and organized manner, allowing them to focus on completing their tasks.

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What is UI design for conversion?

Designing user interfaces that encourage users to complete desired actions, such as making a purchase, subscribing to a newsletter, or submitting a form.

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What is Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)?

The science of designing interactive systems that are effective, efficient, and enjoyable for users. It encompasses aspects of psychology, computer science, and human factors.

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Reversible Actions

A design principle that ensures users can easily undo mistakes or revert to a previous state, offering a sense of security and encouraging exploration.

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Positive Space

The area within an image that is occupied by the subject matter. It's what you see, like the person in a photo or a tree in a landscape.

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Internal Locus of Control

A design principle prioritizing giving users control over their actions and decisions, often with confirmation prompts to prevent unintended consequences.

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Minimize Memory Load

A principle that minimizes the strain on users' memory, allowing them to focus on the task at hand. Design should prioritize ease of access and avoid unnecessary repetition.

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Negative Space

It's the empty space around or between the main subject in an image. It gives your subject breathing room and helps it stand out.

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Clarity in UI Design

A key design principle that ensures clarity in navigation, interaction, and information presentation. It aims to make it obvious how to use a product or website.

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Form

It's how a shape appears to take up space and have volume on a 2D surface. It makes things feel 3D even when they're flat.

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Familiarity in UI Design

A design principle that leverages familiar user interface elements and patterns to create a seamless experience. It reduces learning curves and increases user comfort.

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Texture

It's how an object feels or looks like it would feel to the touch. It can be smooth, rough, bumpy, or soft.

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Organic Shape

It's any naturally occurring shape, like a leaf or a cloud. It has no perfect angles or mathematical rules.

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Undo/Redo Feature

A design principle that gives users options to go back a step when they've made a mistake, offering a sense of security and control.

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Visual Hierarchy

A design principle that ensures visual elements are arranged based on their importance, guiding users through the interface and highlighting key information.

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Geometric Shape

It's a shape that is perfectly symmetrical and made with precise angles and measurements. Think square, circle, triangle.

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Negative Space

A design principle that emphasizes using white space effectively to separate elements and create visual clarity. It helps to emphasize important information within the design.

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Abstract Shape

It's a shape that is based on things in nature, but it isn't a perfect representation. It might be stylized or simplified.

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Sketch

A simple, quick drawing done by hand to explore an idea or concept before creating a finished design. It's not meant to be perfect, but rather a starting point.

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Law of Proximity

A design principle that refers to the placement of elements on a page, emphasizing that elements close together are perceived as belonging together.

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Wireframe

A visual guide that shows the basic structure of a website, including layout and how its pages connect. It's like a blueprint for the website.

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Flexibility in UI Design

A design principle that accommodates various user needs and preferences, providing flexible options and shortcuts for different user types. It aims to cater to both novice and expert users.

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Multi-Modal Design

A design approach that considers multiple input methods, such as touch, voice, keyboard, and mouse. Aim to provide a consistent experience across devices.

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Composition

The overall arrangement of elements in a design, such as how different parts are placed and related to each other.

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Focal Point

A design principle that states viewers tend to look at the most interesting or important part of an image first. It's the focal point.

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Voice Input

A type of input method that allows users to enter information using their voice, often found in applications such as virtual assistants or dictation software.

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Visual Flow

The way that different elements in a design guide the viewer's eye through the image. It can be created using lines, shapes, color, or other elements.

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Column Layout

A layout where content is divided into distinct columns, often used for websites to display multiple elements side-by-side.

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Balance

A basic design principle that states elements in a design should be arranged in a way that is pleasing to the eye and creates a sense of balance.

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Color Scheme

A design principle that uses a consistent color scheme throughout the interface, creating a visual theme and guiding users.

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Tooltips

A type of visual element that provides guidance and instructions to users within the interface, often used to highlight important actions or provide explanations.

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Color Palette

The overall color scheme used in a design, including the dominant colors, accent colors, and any color contrasts.

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Value

Describes the lightness or darkness of a color. It's the range from black to white with all the shades in between.

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Implied Line

A line that is not physically present but created by the way the viewer's eye follows the shapes and forms in a design. It's a "phantom" line.

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What is UX design's "Why"?

It involves understanding user motivations, needs, and how they interact with a product.

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What is UX design's "What"?

It defines the functionalities and features a product offers.

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What is UX design's "How"?

It focuses on creating an accessible and aesthetically pleasing user experience.

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What is the role of the 'User' in HCI?

It emphasizes understanding human sensory systems and mental models to improve user experience.

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What is the role of the 'Computer' in HCI?

It refers to any technological tool used for interaction, from desktops to websites and mobile phones.

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What is the role of 'Interaction' in HCI?

It focuses on designing effective and intuitive ways for users to interact with technology.

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What are the goals of HCI?

The goals are to create usable, safe, and functional systems, placing users first.

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How are HCI, Ergonomics, and Human Factors related?

They emphasize the design of products, systems, and processes for effective human interaction.

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How has HCI evolved over time?

It has expanded its scope beyond desktop computers, encompassing all forms of information technology and their long-term human impacts.

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What is a multimodal user interface?

A user interface that allows users to interact with the system through various modalities, such as speech, text, touch, and vision.

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What's the importance of predictable UI elements?

Make sure common elements like buttons and gestures (like pinch-to-zoom) work consistently across different devices so that users can easily learn and use them.

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What does 'Form follows Function' mean in UI design?

The form or design of a user interface should support its functionality, ensuring users can easily understand and perform tasks efficiently .

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What is discoverability in UI design?

The ability for users to easily discover and understand the available features and options within a user interface.

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What are affordances in UI design?

Make sure icons are clear and easy to understand, and provide visual cues (like shadows on buttons) to indicate their purpose.

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Why should UI be kept simple?

Keep user interfaces simple, focusing only on elements that are necessary for users to achieve their goals.

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What is UI design's role in eye and attention?

Design choices should be made with the user's visual experience in mind to maintain clear readability and visual hierarchy.

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Why is alignment important in UI design?

Align elements consistently to create a visually pleasing and organized interface for users.

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How can color be used to emphasize features?

Use the design principles of color, brightness, and contrast to draw attention to important features.

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How is text used for visual hierarchy?

Use different font sizes, bold type, italics, capitals, and letter spacing to visually emphasize important information and make it easy to scan.

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What is the principle of minimizing actions in UI design?

Limit the number of actions required to complete a task and focus on one primary function per page to minimize user effort.

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What is the role of guiding users in UI design?

Provide users with clear cues and visual hints to indicate the preferred or next action they should take.

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What is progressive disclosure in UI design?

Break down complex tasks into smaller, more manageable steps to reduce user overload and make the process less daunting.

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What is proximity in UI design?

Place controls (like buttons or sliders) close to the elements they interact with to make it intuitive for users to use them.

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Why is feedback important in UI design?

Provide users with feedback whenever the system responds to their actions, letting them know that their input has been received and processed.

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What are the Five Dimensions of Interaction Design?

The five elements that shape the way a user interacts with a system. These elements are Words, Visual Representations, Physical Objects, Time, and Behavior.

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What is Cognitive Psychology?

Cognitive psychology is the study of how the mind works and the mental processes involved in thinking, learning, and decision-making.

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What is a Mental Model in Interaction Design?

A mental model is the way a user understands how a system or interaction works. It's based on their prior experiences and knowledge.

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What is an Interface Metaphor?

Interface metaphors use familiar objects or actions to help users understand new systems. This makes systems more intuitive and easier to learn.

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What are Affordances in Interaction Design?

Affordances are design elements that clearly indicate how they should be used. They signal how a user interacts with a system based on their appearance.

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What is UI Design?

User interface (UI) design is the process of creating visually appealing and user-friendly interfaces for software and devices. It focuses on aesthetics and user experience.

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What is a Graphical User Interface (GUI)?

Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) use visual elements like icons and menus for interaction. Users interact with a visual representation of the system.

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What is a Voice-controlled Interface (VUI)?

Voice-controlled interfaces (VUIs) allow users to interact with a system using their voice. They are often used in smart assistants like Siri and Alexa.

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What is a Gesture-based Interface?

Gesture-based interfaces allow users to interact with a system using bodily movements. These are often used in VR and gaming.

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What is UX Design?

UX design focuses on the overall experience a user has with a product or service. It goes beyond just the interface, considering all aspects of the user journey.

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What is Usability?

Usability refers to how easy and efficient a product is to use. It's an important aspect of UX design, focusing on the user's ability to accomplish their tasks.

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What is Gamification?

Gamification is the use of game mechanics, like points and achievements, to motivate and engage users within a non-game context. It can make user experiences more enjoyable and rewarding.

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What is Emotional Design?

Emotional design is an approach to design that considers the emotional impact of the product or service on the user. It aims to create positive emotional responses and build brand loyalty.

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What is a Customer Journey Map?

A customer journey map is a visual representation of the steps a customer takes when interacting with a business, from initial awareness to purchase and beyond. It helps to understand user needs and pain points.

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Study Notes

Marquee Tag

  • Deprecated in HTML5; use CSS for scrolling effects.
  • Default scroll direction: right to left.
  • Attributes include width, height, direction (up, down, left, right), behavior (scroll, slide, alternate), scrolldelay, scrollamount, loop (default: infinite), bgcolor, hspace, vspace.

Multimedia Tag

  • Used to embed video or audio.
  • Browser automatically adds controls if the tag and media type are supported.
  • Fallback (alternative) tags are needed for browsers that don't support the main tag(e.g. playing .avi / .mov files if the browser doesn't support it).
  • Attributes include align (center, left, right), autostart (true/false), loop (true/false or a positive integer- number of times), playcount (for IE, alternate to loop), hidden (true/false), width, height, name, src (URL of media), volume (0-100).

HTML Structure

  • HTML is a markup language that structures web pages.
  • Elements enclose content, defining its appearance and behavior.
  • Elements have opening and closing tags (e.g., <p> for paragraph).
  • Content placed between opening and closing tags forms the element.
  • Attributes provide extra information about elements.
  • Example attributes class and id to target elements in style sheets.
  • A basic HTML document includes a doctype, <html> element that encloses all content, a <head> element containing metadata (character set, viewport settings, title), and a <body> element containing page content.

HTML Text Formatting

  • Physical tags effect the visual presentation (e.g., bold, italic).

  • Logical tags convey logical meaning (e.g., important text).

  • Physical Formatting Tags: <b> (bold), <i> (italic), <u> (underline), <s> (strikethrough), <tt> (teletype), <big> (increase font size), <small> (decrease font size), <ins> (inserted text), <del> (deleted text), <sub (subscript), <sup (superscript), <mark> (mark/highlight).

  • Logical Formatting Tags <strong> (important text) and <em> (emphasized text).

Building a Digital Presence

  • UX is important for businesses, especially early in development stages.
  • Tools like wireframing, storyboarding, and prototyping help developers understand customers needs and verify the functionality.
  • Wireframes are visual mockups to confirm system design.
  • Storyboards show sequential action a user takes with the system.
  • Mockups (mid-high fidelity) include design elements, colors, and content.

Elements of Design

  • The fundamental aspects of visual design include color, line, value, space, shape, form, and texture.
  • Color creates mood; line directs the eye; value affects lightness/darkness; space creates visual hierarchy; shape defines forms; form implies volume; texture affects appearance/feel.

Sketches and Wireframes

  • Sketches are quick, freehand drawings to explore design ideas; Wireframes are more formal, presenting the structure of a website.

Creating Simple Wireframes for Websites

  • Identify goals and user flow.
  • Determine wireframe size for various screen types.
  • Sketch user flows with page layouts, buttons, hyperlinks.
  • Get feedback to improve design clarity, navigation, and content clarity.

Interaction Design

  • Interaction design is a multidisciplinary field that ensures interactions between humans and devices are successful and enjoyable.
  • Goal-Driven Design includes design first, separation of design from programming, and focus on user needs (personas).
  • Usability is extremely important.
  • Usability includes characteristics like learnability, memorability, efficiency, effectiveness, safety, and enjoyment.

GUI Design

  • Factors for creating good UIs include usability (easy use and enjoyment), user context and task flows, brand consistency, gamification, and prediction of user needs.

Common Interaction Design Approaches

  • Goal-driven design focuses on solving user problems and satisfying their needs, preceding technical considerations.
  • Usability testing identifies issues in tasks involving user's actions.
  • 5 dimensions of interaction design - words, visual representations, physical objects/space, time, and behavior- guide the designer to accommodate a variety of human reactions when interacting with a system.

HCI (Human-Computer Interaction)

  • HCI is multidisciplinary emphasizing the design of technology and human-computer interaction.
  • HCI focuses on user, technology, & interaction.
  • HCI goals include usable, safe, and effective systems.
  • Concepts like cognitive psychology, mental models, interface metaphors, and affordances are crucial for user understanding and successful interaction design.

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