HTML Overview and History
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Questions and Answers

What is the recommended character encoding for HTML documents, according to the provided text?

  • UTF-8 (correct)
  • Unicode
  • ASCII
  • ISO-8859-1

    • Which character encoding is suitable for the Latin alphabet, and up to 256 characters?

  • Unicode
  • ASCII
  • UTF-8
  • ISO-8859-1 (correct)

    • What tool is recommended for checking the validity of HTML documents?

  • Mozilla Firefox Developer Tools
  • W3C HTML Validator (correct)
  • Microsoft Edge Developer Tools
  • Google Chrome Developer Tools

    • How do you represent three blank spaces in HTML?

    <p>    (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tag types occupy only the space they need and don't affect line changes?

    <p>Inline tags (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these HTML tags are examples of block tags? (Select all that apply)

    <p>p (B), h1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the HTML representation of the character ‘&’?

    <p>&amp; (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum number of characters supported by the UTF-8 encoding?

    <p>107000 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which HTML heading tag defines the largest heading?

    <p>h1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the full form of WWW?

    <p>World Wide Web (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between clients and servers in a web architecture?

    <p>Many-to-Many (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of server?

    <p>File server (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a client in a web architecture?

    <p>To send requests to servers to access resources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 'file.html' part of a URL?

    <p>It indicates the specific resource being requested. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a client-side technology used in web development?

    <p>PHP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the HTTP protocol in web communication?

    <p>Facilitating the transfer of data between clients and servers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a server-side technology as mentioned in the content?

    <p>.NET (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of SGML in the context of HTML?

    <p>It is the foundation upon which HTML is built, providing a framework for tagging and organizing elements. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a character string that references an Internet resource?

    <p>URL (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, what is the major distinction between the client and server technologies?

    <p>Client technologies are executed on the user's device, while server technologies run on the web server. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which HTML tag is used to define a new row within a table?

    <p>&lt;TR&gt; (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 'alt' attribute in an image tag?

    <p>To provide alternative text for the image if it cannot be displayed. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a semantic tag in HTML?

    <p>&lt;ul&gt; (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can you create a link to an anchor within the same document using HTML?

    <p>Use the &lt;a&gt; tag with a URL that points to the anchor's ID. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the <figcaption> tag?

    <p>To define a caption for an image or video. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these tags is used to define a list with items that are numbered sequentially?

    <p>&lt;ol&gt; (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the 'title' attribute in an image tag?

    <p>To create a tooltip that appears when hovering over the image. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these tags is used to define a table header cell?

    <p>&lt;TH&gt; (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the 'alt' attribute mandatory in HTML images?

    <p>To make a website more accessible to screen readers and users with visual impairments. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Internet

    A global network connecting millions of private, public, academic, and government networks.

    World Wide Web (WWW)

    A system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet.

    Client/Server Architecture

    A model where clients make requests to servers that provide services or data.

    Web Server

    A server that uses HTTP to deliver web content to clients' browsers.

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    HTTP Protocol

    The foundation of data communication on the World Wide Web, guiding how messages are formatted and transmitted.

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    Semantic Tags

    Special HTML elements that indicate meaning and structure in a webpage.

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    Ordered Lists

    A list where items are arranged in a specific sequence, usually numbered or lettered.

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    Unordered Lists

    A list where items are presented without a specific order, usually with bullets.

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    Nested Lists

    Lists contained within other lists, creating a hierarchy of items.

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    Description Lists

    HTML lists that pair terms with descriptions, often used for glossaries.

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    Alt Attribute

    An HTML attribute providing alternative text for an image, critical for accessibility.

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    Anchor Links

    HTML elements that create links within a document or to another document.

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    Tables in HTML

    Structured data displayed in rows and columns using various HTML tags.

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    HTML5 Image Tags

    Tags like

    and
    used to include images and their descriptions in webpages.

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    Character Set

    A set of characters used in a document, defining encoding type.

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    Client-Server Model

    A system where clients request resources from servers, which respond.

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    URL

    A string that specifies the address of a resource on the internet, starting with a protocol.

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    UTF-8

    Character encoding that supports up to 107,000 Unicode characters.

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    HTTP

    Hypertext Transfer Protocol, a request/reply protocol used in web communications.

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    ISO-8859-1

    Character encoding for the Latin alphabet, up to 256 characters.

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    HTML

    HyperText Markup Language, a markup language for structuring web content.

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    HTML Validator

    A tool that checks if HTML documents conform to specifications.

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    SGML

    Standard Generalized Markup Language, a pre-standard that HTML is based on.

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    Valid HTML

    HTML that adheres to rules defined by specifications.

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    Character Entities

    Special characters represented by HTML codes to avoid confusion with markup.

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    Web Server Technologies

    Technologies used by servers to process requests, like PHP and Ruby on Rails.

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    Client Technologies

    Technologies that clients need to understand web content, including HTML and CSS.

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    Block Tags

    HTML tags that occupy full width and force line breaks (e.g.,

    ,

    ).

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    Inline Tags

    HTML tags that occupy only the space they need without line breaks (e.g., , ).

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    Headings and Paragraphs

    HTML tags

    to

    for headings and

    for paragraphs.

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    Study Notes

    HTML Overview

    • HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language
    • It is a markup language used to define the structure of a webpage.

    History of HTML

    • 1992: HTML 1.0, initial proposal by Tim Berners-Lee
    • 1993: HTML+, introduced by Dave Raggett
    • 1995: HTML 2.0, introduced tables and file uploads.
    • 1996: HTML 3.2, W3C standard, marked the end of a browser war
    • 1997: HTML 4.0 introduced style sheets.
    • 1999: HTML 4.01, the final HTML version.
    • 2000: XHTML 1.0, an XML version of HTML 4.01.
    • 2001: XHTML 1.1, modularization introduced.
    • 2014: HTML 5, a W3C recommendation.
    • 2017: HTML 5.2, the latest W3C recommendation.

    Characteristics of HTML5

    • Improvement over HTML, supporting multimedia while remaining easily readable and consistently understood across browsers and devices.
    • Addition of new syntactic and semantic features such as
    • Integration of Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) content.

    HTML Syntax

    • HTML is case-insensitive, but using lowercase is recommended for consistency.
    • Tags are used to define the elements of a document.
    • Tags typically have an opening and closing tag: <tag> ... </tag>, for example, <p>paragraph</p>.
    • Attributes add additional information about a tag (e.g. href in a hyperlink, cols and rows in a text area).

    HTML Tags

    • Tags define elements in a document, with opening and closing tags (<tag> ... </tag>).
    • <p>: Defines a paragraph
    • <h1> to <h6>: Defines headings, from largest to smallest.
    • <br>: Inserts a line break
    • <a>: Creates a hyperlink (href attribute specifies the link).
    • <img>: Inserts an image (src attribute specifies the image file).
    • <ol>: Creates an ordered list
    • <ul>: Creates an unordered list
    • <li>: Creates an item in a list.
    • <div>: Defines a generic block container.
    • <span>: Defines an inline container.
    • <table>,<tr>,<td>,<th>,<caption> : Defining Tables
    • <dl>, <dt>, <dd> : Defining Description lists, e.g Key-Value pairs
    • <section>, <article>, <aside>, <header>, <nav>,<footer>: Structural elements, dividing the page into logical sections
    • <figure> creates a container for an image whose figure caption is added in
    • <figcaption>

    HTML Attributes

    • Attributes provide additional information about an HTML element.

    • id: Unique identifier for an element.

    • class: One or more classes (separated by whitespace) for elements with similar characteristics (to apply styles or manipulate elements using JavaScript).

    • for: Associate a Label with a control (e.g. input field, radio button) to create a meaningful label.

    • href: The URL of a hyperlink.

    • src: The URL of an image file.

    • cols and rows: Dimensions of the text area input field.

    • value: The value of an input, which needs to be processed by the server to make sense.

    • name: The name of the form field.

    • placeholder: Provides a hint to users about the expected input.

    • checked: Default selected choice for the control

    • maxlength: Maximum length possible for an input

    • required: Input is mandatory, not to be neglected,

    • readonly: Pre-filled value, which cannot be changed by the user

    • multiple: allow multiple selections

    • pattern: A regular expression to verify the user input.

    • type attribute: defines the type of input field (e.g., text, number, email, date)

    HTML Forms

    • <form>: Defines a form for user input.
    • action: The URL that handles the form submission.
    • method: Defines how the form data is transmitted (e.g., get or post).
    • <input> elements : defining input options like text, password, e-mail, date, time etc.
    • <textarea>: Defines a multiline input field.
    • <select>: Defines a dropdown box.
    • <option>: Defines an option in a dropdown box.
    • <radio>: Used to offer a choice between mutually exclusive options.
    • <checkbox>: Used to offer the possibility that several values can be selected.
    • <button>: Used to allow the execution of JS code
    • <fieldset>: Allows grouping of elements in a form, including a legend that describes the set of elements in the field.
    • <legend>: The name shown to describe a group of related form controls within a <fieldset>.

    HTML Validation

    HTML Character Entities

    • Some characters have special meaning in HTML (e.g., <, >).
    • Use character entities to represent these characters correctly.
    • <html lang="en"></html>: Use the lang attribute in the tag to specify the language of the webpage.

    HTML Tables

    • Tables use tags like <table>, <tr>, <td>, and <th> to organize data in rows and columns.
    • Tables can be enhanced by using <thead>, <tbody>, and <tfoot> components.
    • <caption> provides an optional table caption.
    • colspan and rowspan features allow the merging of cells.

    HTML - Other elements

    • <img>: Includes an image into the page. (alt and title attributes are used to specify alternative text and tooltips)

    • <h1>…<h6>: Header tags, from highest to lowest levels of importance.

    • <p>: Paragraph tag

    • <div> and <span>: Block and inline container elements

    • charset: To define the character set of a HTML page. (ISO-8859-1 or UTF-8). Note that UTF-8 is the most recommended and supports almost all characters

    HTML Comments

    • Comments are used for documentation and can be used in the code to help programmers understand code, but they are not displayed by the end-user on the HTML page.
      • <-- This is a meaningful commentary -->

    HTML - Semantic Tags

    • Tags such as <header>, <nav>, <article>, <aside>, <footer> to section and structure the webpage for understanding by users and search engines, etc.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of HTML, including its history from its inception to the latest HTML 5. It details the significant versions and features introduced over the years, especially focusing on HTML5 improvements. Test your knowledge on the structure, syntax, and evolution of this essential markup language.

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