WWW Programming
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Questions and Answers

Which HTML form element is best suited for collecting short, free-form text input from a user?

  • `<input type="radio">`
  • `<select>`
  • `<textarea>`
  • `<input type="text">` (correct)

    • In HTML forms, what does the METHOD attribute within the <form> tag specify?

  • The type of input elements allowed in the form
  • The way the data will be organized and sent to the server (correct)
  • The styling method applied to the form
  • The path to the external CSS file

    • When should the HTTP POST method be preferred over the GET method in HTML forms?

  • When the user’s browser history should record form data
  • When sensitive or binary data needs to be submitted (correct)
  • When the form data needs to be embedded in the URL
  • When there are limited number of form fields

    • Which HTML element would you use to create a dropdown list from which a user can select only one option?

    <p><code>&lt;select&gt;</code></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the ACTION attribute within the HTML <form> tag?

    <p>To specify the URL or path of the script that will handle the form submission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If you want to display and allow the selection of multiple options from a dropdown, which attribute should you use in the <select> tag?

    <p><code>MULTIPLE</code></p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a user needs to enter a password, which type of input element should be used ensuring data is masked?

    <p><code>&lt;input type=&quot;password&quot;&gt;</code></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key difference between GET and POST regarding visibility of parameters?

    <p><code>GET</code> parameters are visible in the URL, whereas <code>POST</code> parameters are not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a client-side web language?

    <p>JavaScript</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement describes a criticism of object-oriented programming (OOP)?

    <p>OOP has a lack of focus on computations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which language is commonly used for server-side scripting?

    <p>PHP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key benefit of using encapsulation in programming?

    <p>It hides complex code.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is polymorphism in the context of programming?

    <p>A single function adapting to different object types.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the functionality of a hidden input in a web form?

    <p>It stores information for back-end processing without display.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which attribute changes the text displayed on a submit button in a web form?

    <p>VALUE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using an external style sheet?

    <p>To easily change the appearance of multiple pages from a single file.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a method to insert CSS into HTML?

    <p>Dynamic style block</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the selector in CSS do?

    <p>Selects elements on the HTML page to apply styles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will the code print(x+y) output if x = 'Hello' and y = 'There'?

    <p>HelloThere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which operator in JavaScript will perform an integer division of two numbers?

    <p>//</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a typical HTML element consist of?

    <p>A start tag, content, and end tag</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is used to split a string into a list in Python?

    <p>split()</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following exemplifies a self-closing tag in HTML?

    <br> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the default value displayed on a reset button in a web form?

    <p>Reset</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement describes the relationship between the style block and the selected elements in CSS?

    <p>The style block applies its values to the selected element’s properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which HTML tag is used for the largest heading?

    <h1> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the target attribute in HTML links?

    <p>It specifies where the linked document will be opened</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tag is used to create a paragraph in HTML?

    <p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the

    tag is used in HTML?

    <p>It creates a horizontal rule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the tag do in HTML?

    <p>Indicates strong importance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes what the tag does?

    <p>Defines a link</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the tag in HTML?

    <p>To indicate emphasized text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which following syntax will open a link in a new browser window?

    <p><a href='url' target='_blank'>Link</a></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main phases of HTTP communication?

    <p>Request and Response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about HTML is true?

    <p>HTML specifies how a document shall be presented.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of XML compared to HTML?

    <p>XML is primarily concerned with content rather than format.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) play in web development?

    <p>CSS allows for the definition of styles for HTML elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does HTML stand for?

    <p>Hypertext Markup Language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a benefit of using HTML?

    <p>It is free, simple, and platform independent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protocol is essential for web communication?

    <p>Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic of markup languages allows better functionality for client-side scripting?

    <p>Advancements in open and dynamic markup languages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary function does the HTTP header serve?

    <p>To provide information about the communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of document does HTML primarily work with?

    <p>Web documents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Network and Web Application

    • The presentation introduces the concept of network and web applications.
    • It covers various programming languages, including machine, assembly, algorithmic, business-oriented, education-oriented, object-oriented, declarative, and scripting languages.

    Programming Languages

    • Machine Language: Consists of numeric codes directly executed by a computer. Uses binary (0s and 1s) or hexadecimal (base 16) for representation. Difficult to read and write.
    • Assembly Language: Higher level than machine language. Uses mnemonics for instructions and allows programmer to name memory blocks. Easier to read than machine code. Requires knowledge of computer architecture.
    • Algorithmic Languages: Designed for mathematical and symbolic computations. Examples are FORTRAN, ALGOL, LISP, and C.

    Machine Language (Advantages)

    • Fast and efficient use of the computer
    • Requires no translator to interpret code

    Machine Language (Disadvantages)

    • All operation codes and memory addresses need to be remembered.
    • Finding errors in a program written in machine language is difficult.

    Machine Language (Example Question)

    • Machine language is represented in the form of:
      • Binary or hexadecimal instructions.

    Assembly Language (Details)

    • One level above machine language.
    • Uses short mnemonic codes for instructions.
    • Allows programmers to name blocks of memory.
    • Easier translation into machine language.
    • Programs compiled by assemblers.
    • Each assembler has its own assembly language, designed for a specific computer architecture.
    • Does not provide sophisticated means of organizing complex information.

    Assembly Language (Cont.)

    • Requires detailed knowledge of internal computer architecture.
    • Useful for programming input/output devices (printers, scanners, etc), which requires detailed knowledge of computer architecture.

    Simple Input/Output Program

    • Assembly program examples that demonstrates input/output operations typically involves a main loop. The main loop uses the operations in sequential loop readings.
    • Example program shown in a specific source code editor is compatible with the Z80 microprocessor architecture and involves cyclically reading data from an input port.

    Machine & Assembly Languages

    • Provided an example of Machine code and Assembly code
    • Explained how the commands in Assembly code get implemented by the Machine code

    More...

    • Machine language is machine dependent, understood by computers, defined by the hardware design of that computer.
    • Assembly language is used to overcome the problem of slow and tedious machine languages.
    • In order to change from machine code, an assembler is used.

    Algorithmic Languages

    • Designed to express mathematical or symbolic computations.
    • Includes notations similar to mathematics.
    • Enables use of subprograms for common operations, promoting reuse.
    • Examples: FORTRAN, ALGOL, LISP, and C

    FORTRAN

    • First important algorithmic language, designed in 1957 by an IBM team
    • Used for scientific computations with real numbers and multi-dimensional arrays.
    • Supported conditional statements, repetitive loops (DO loops), and GOTO statements for non-sequential execution.
    • Enabled subprograms for common mathematical operations.
    • Translated into efficient machine language.

    ALGOL

    • Designed by a committee of American and European computer scientists (1958–1960).
    • Intended for publishing algorithms and computations.
    • Featured recursive subprograms (procedures that could invoke themselves).
    • Introduced block structure for organizing programs.

    LISP

    • Developed around 1960 by John McCarthy at MIT.
    • Based on the mathematical theory of recursive functions.
    • Programs in LISP involve functions applied to data instead of procedural steps.
    • Uses a simple notation with parenthesized lists for operations (e.g., (+ a (* b c)) stands for a + b * c)
    • Commonly used for artificial intelligence (AI) programming

    C

    • Developed in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie and Brian Kernighan at AT&T.
    • Primarily for computer operating systems programming
    • Can structure data and programs into smaller units, similar to ALGOL
    • Provides tools for operating with data addresses.
    • Its ability to exploit computer's internal architecture is important in systems programming.

    COBOL

    • Common Business-Oriented Language.
    • Heavily used in business since its creation in 1959.
    • Developed and overseen by CODASYL (Committee on Data Systems and Languages) to ensure its portability across different systems.
    • Uses an English-like notation.
    • Used for computations involving large quantities of data.

    SQL

    • Structured Query Language.
    • Used for specifying the organization of databases, which are collections of records.
    • The SQL database system is 'relational' because of its ability to query data based on relations.
    • Example command: "find all records with both last name Smith and city New York"
    • Commonly used by commercial database programs in their queries.

    BASIC

    • Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code.
    • Designed at Dartmouth College in the mid-1960s by John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz.
    • Intended for ease of learning by non-computer science majors.
    • Suited to time-sharing computers with multiple users.
    • Featured simple data structures and notation.
    • Popular for early personal computers because of its small size and simplicity.

    PASCAL

    • Designed by Niklaus Wirth (1968–69), published in 1970.
    • Intended to encourage good programming practices, using structured programming and data structuring.
    • Named after the French mathematician and physicist Blaise Pascal.
    • Based on the structure of the earlier ALGOL language
    • Allow statements and declarations within Subroutines

    HYPERTALK

    Types of Programming Languages

    • High-level language: Examples of high-level programming languages are assembly, algorithmic, business-oriented, education-oriented, object oriented, and scripting languages.
    • Scripting language: A scripting language is a programming language that can often be interpreted, rather than compiled. Example: Javascript

    Compiling and running your program

    • High-level languages use a compiler to translate your code.
    • Machine code is readable by the hardware to run the program.

    Translator Programs (Assembler, Compiler, and Interpreter)

    • Assembler: Used for assembly languages to translate assembly language program to machine language.
    • Compilers: Used for high-level languages to speed up programming by translating high-level languages to machine language.
    • Interpreter: Used for high-level languages to execute high-level language directly without compilation. Recompiles on adding new features or correcting errors.

    Different Programming Languages

    • Shown the differences between Machine, Assembly, and High-level languages. Use of code examples in each.

    Properties of Web Languages (Compiled)

    • Java, C, and C++ are compiled languages.
    • Typed languages in that every identifier is assigned a fixed data type at compile time.

    Properties of Web Languages (Interpreted)

    • JavaScript, JScript, VBscript, Perl, PHP, Rexx, Python– are interpreted.
    • Executed line by line.

    Compiled vs Interpreted languages

    • Compiled: Faster execution, powerful syntax checking at compile time
    • Interpreted: Easier to write, do not require pre-specification of data types, better for small programs

    Object-Oriented Languages (OOP)

    • A computer programming model that organises software around data, or objects (data fields).
    • Objects have unique attributes and behavior.
    • Suitable for large, complex, and actively updated or maintained programs (for example, manufacturing system simulations and mobile applications.)

    OOP (Structure)

    • Class: Acts as a blueprint for individual objects, defines attributes and methods.
    • Object: An instance of a class, created with specific data. Corresponds to real-world or abstract entities.
    • Method: A function inside a class that describes object behavior. Related to an instance object.
    • Attribute: Defined in the class template, representing the object's state, storing data.

    OOP Principles

    • Abstraction: Hiding complex implementation details.
    • Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods in a unit (an object).
    • Inheritance: Creating new classes from existing ones, inheriting attributes and methods.
    • Polymorphism: Objects of different classes can respond to methods in their own unique ways (through their own classes of method)

    Object-Oriented Programming Languages

    • Programming languages designed primarily for OOP, include Java, Python, and C++

    Other Programming Languages

    • Visual Basic .NET, PHP and Javascript are languages that support the object-oriented programming model.

    Benefits of OOP

    • Modularity: Makes troubleshooting and collaborative development easier.
    • Reusability: Reduces code duplication and enables code reuse via inheritance.
    • Productivity: Programmers can construct new programs faster using multiple libraries and reusable code.
    • Easily upgradable and scalable: Easier to implement system functionalities and improve responsiveness independently.
    • Interface descriptions: Simplified descriptions of external systems due to message passing techniques between objects.
    • Security: Hides complex code structure and protects software maintenance and protocols, like internet protocols.
    • Flexibility: Supports multiple functions and objects through a common interface.

    Criticism of OOP

    • Overemphasis on data component
    • Does not focus enough on computation or algorithms.
    • More complicated and longer to write and compile.

    Web Languages Examples (Client-side)

    • JavaScript
    • JScript
    • VBScript
    • Tcl
    • HTML
    • DHTML
    • AJAX
    • jQuery
    • TypeScript
    • ActionScript
    • React
    • Angular
    • Vue
    • Swift
    • SASS
    • Elm

    Web Languages Examples (Server-side)

    • Active Server Pages (ASP)
    • Java Server Pages (JSP)
    • ColdFusion
    • IPTSCRAE
    • Lasso
    • MIVA Script
    • PHP
    • ASP.NET
    • SMX
    • XSLT
    • Ruby
    • Python
    • Java
    • Node.js
    • PERL
    • C#

    The Principal Programming Paradigms

    • An overview image is provided to show different programming paradigms that are used, where each paradigm presents different ways of structuring and organizing programming codes.

    More... Additional details for the programming topics.

    Introduction to the Internet

    • TCP/IP is the communication protocol for the internet.
    • It defines rules for communication on the internet between machines.
    • Browsers use TCP/IP to access servers, and servers use TCP/IP to send HTML or other files back to a browser.
    • E-mail programs also use TCP/IP to send and receive emails.
    • The example of an address (58.26.136.5) is part of the TCP/IP protocol, and so is a domain name

    Internet Protocol (IP)

    • The Internet Protocol is a protocol used to communicate across packet-switched networks.
    • It's responsible for delivering datagrams or packets by source hosts to destination hosts based on addresses.
    • The IP address is used as an identifier for computers or devices on the internet.
    • A numerical 32-bit address (e.g., 131.123.35.92) is used in Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4).
    • A larger 128-bit address is used in Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6)

    Internet Protocol (IPv6 address)

    • An IPv6 address is an example of a representation in hexadecimal.
    • Example: 2001:0DB8:AC10:FE01:0000:0000:0000:0000

    IPv4 Header and IPv6 Header

    • Details and description about the headers.

    Domain Names

    World Wide Web (WWW)

    • Created by a CERN group led by Tim Berners-Lee.
    • Goal: Allow scientists worldwide to exchange and retrieve documents from databases.
    • Web documents use hypertext, which uses embedded links.
    • WWW is commonly known as "The Web". A vast collection of documents, that are interconnected using links.
    • The documents are accessible by Web Browsers and provided by Web Servers.

    Internet vs Web

    • A collection of computers connected by equipment
    • A collection of software and protocols installed on computers
    • The Web is part of the Internet

    Terminologies

    • Client: Initiates communication.
    • Server: Sends information back to the client.
    • Web Browser: Software for accessing resources on the web.
    • Web Server: Software that provides documents to requesting browsers.
    • URL: Uniform Resource Locator; Used to identify documents.
    • HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol; Standard form of communication used between web browsers and web servers.

    Client & Server

    • Client initiates a communication.
    • Server sends the appropriate response back to the client. This is the way web client-server communication occurs.
    • Web browsers are software applications that run on a client. They are used to interact with resources available at servers.
    • 1993 Mosaic was the first GUI browser.
    • Common protocol for communication is HTTP.
    • Example of an HTTP communication is shown between a web browser and a web server.

    Web Servers

    • Programs for providing documents to browsers that request them.
    • Common web servers are Apache and IIS.
    • Web servers typically maintain two separate directories. One for web pages and the other for general server software.
    • Web servers can interact with database systems through CGI (Common Gateway Interface)

    URL – Uniform Resource Locators

    HTTP

    • Hypertext Transfer Protocol.
    • Defined as RFC 2616.
    • Consists of request and response phases.
    • HTTP communications consists of a header (information about the communication) and body (the communication data).

    Markup Languages

    • Markup languages (e.g., HTML, DHTML, HTML4, HTML5, XML, XSL, and CSS are important because they affect the role of Web languages, particularly from the client's side, like with JavaScript.

    Markup Languages characterization

    • Hypertext Markup Language (HTML): Specifies how a document will be presented and how different documents reference each other (e.g., using hyperlinks). It's a simple, standard, and platform-independent markup language utilizing ASCII characters. This is why simple text editors like notepad are commonly used to write and edit HTML files.

    • Cascading Style Sheets (CSS): Used to specify the characteristics of HTML elements(e.g., color, font, position.)

    • Extensible Markup Language (XML): Modern markup language (compared to HTML). Primarily focuses on content rather than appearance. Uses tags to identify important information.

    • Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL): Used for defining the appearance of XML documents, separating content from appearance for multiple formats.

    • XHTML: essentially HTML 4, but conforms to XML syntax rules. Helps increase HTML code portability..

    World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

    • Standardisation organization and goal to make web accessible.
    • Recommendations specify technical roles, syntax rules.

    Network Architecture

    • Design of communication networks.
    • Framework for defining physical components, functional organization, operational principles, and data formats.
    • In telecommunications, it also includes detailed descriptions of delivered products/services as well as the rate/billing structures for services.

    OSI Network Model

    • Open Systems Interconnection Model.
    • An overview presentation relating to network architecture.

    Summary

    • Provides a summary of topics, concepts and key information about programming languages, web applications and concepts

    Q&A

    • Open floor for questions

    Client-Side Script (JavaScript)

    • Introduction: JavaScript is a client-side scripting language for web development.
    • Syntax: JavaScript's syntax is based partly on the older, full programming language Java.
    • Display: JavaScript can write data into the browser or a specific element with the aid of innerHTML, document.write(), window.alert(), or log( ). Javascript can write data to a specific location or element in a web page.
    • Statements: Javascript statements use variables, operators, and keywords for commands that the browser can understand
    • Data Types: JavaScript variables contain many data types including boolean, strings, integers, numbers
    • Conditional/Looping Statements: Used in a variety of programming situations
    • Methods: Predefined functions in the javascript language, that help write complex functions.
    • Where to use: To use JavaScript effectively, you can place Javascript elements in the HTML head, body, or in external files.

    JavaScript; Add Two Numbers Using a Form and TextBox

    • Used parseInt to convert input values to integers (important step).
    • Executed the addition and displayed the outcome in a designated input box on the form.

    JavaScript: Fahrenheit to Celcius

    • Used parseInt to convert Fahrenheit to Celcius.
    • Displays the result in Celsius and shows the relevant calculations

    More...

    • Provides more details associated with specific programming topics.

    Web Application Development – Database Integration

    • Explains various concepts of databases which are used for storage of data relevant to a web application.
    • Shows how Python and MySQL can be used together. Databases such as MySQL are useful in many aspects of modern web applications

    Advantages of using database

    • Easier changes to data and scripts.
    • Increased security.

    Python and MySQL

    • Python is capable of working with various database systems.
    • MySQL is a popular database for use with Python. This combination makes for a complete system, that can be easily used.

    How to Connect to MySQL Database in Python

    • Describes how to connect Python to a separate MySQL database server. This uses a series of instructions and steps.

    Accessing MySQL via Python

    • Four-step process (connection, selection, query, iteration) for accessing a MySQL database using a Python script.

    Components of a Web Server

    • Hardware: Physical component for running the web server's software.
    • Software: The web server application. Examples are Apache, Nginx.
    • Protocols: Supported protocols include HTTP and HTTPS.
    • Content: Web pages and other resources that are provided. (APIs).

    Types of Web Servers

    • Static Web Server: Delivers pre-stored content..
    • Dynamic Web Server: Relies on backend technologies. Python, PHP and databases are common examples for dynamic content retrieval.
    • Apache HTTP Server: Open-source and widely used among web servers.
    • Nginx: High-performance, useful in large-scale Web sites.
    • Microsoft IIS: Integrated with Windows Servers.
    • LiteSpeed: Known for its high-speed and efficiency.
    • Caddy: A modern web server that support HTTPS by default

    Apache VS Nginx

    • Comparison of features (performance, configuration, market share) between the two popular web servers.

    Role of Web Servers in Websites

    • Hosting web pages: Provides an area or space on memory for the pages to be stored and displayed using the assigned IP address.
    • Managing and delivering multimedia files: Web servers manage and provide access to different types of multimedia documents
    • Enabling secure communication: Web servers use secure channels like SSL/TLS.
    • Load balancing and request routing: Helps handle large volumes of traffic, distributing and prioritizing requests.

    Example Use Cases

    • Personal Blogs (WordPress): Often use Apache.
    • Corporate Websites (Nginx): Preferred for speed and reliability.
    • E-commerce (Microsoft IIS): Integrates easily with enterprise systems.
    • Streaming Platforms (Nginx): Uses load balancers to manage large concurrent usage.

    Challenges in Managing Web Servers

    • High traffic and scalability
    • Security threats (e.g., DDOS attacks)
    • Server downtime
    • Configuration complexity

    Future of Web Servers

    • Increased focus on cloud-native web servers
    • Integration with serverless architectures
    • Adoption of AI-driven traffic management

    Application Programming Interface (API)

    • Set of rules and protocols enabling different software applications to communicate.
    • Predefined functions used to interact with external systems without needing internal knowledge.

    Key Components of APIs

    • Endpoint: URL for accessing the API. Example: https://api.example.com/users
    • Request: Action performed (using HTTP methods like GET, POST, PUT, DELETE).
    • Response: Data or result sent back (often in formats like JSON or XML).
    • Authentication: Secures API access (using API keys, OAuth, or tokens).

    Types of APIs

    • Open APIs (Public APIs): Available to developers with minimal restrictions for general use (e.g., weather data).
    • Internal APIs (Private APIs): Used internally in organizations to connect parts. (E.g. a company's internal HR system API)
    • Partner APIs: Shared with business partners to enable collaboration (e.g. payment gateways).
    • Composite APIs: Combine multiple APIs for fetching/updating data from many sources.

    API Use Cases

    • Used in web applications for retrieving data dynamically.
    • Used in mobile apps for data and map displays and calculations.
    • Used in e-commerce for payment gateways, shipping processes
    • Social media use, posting/retrieving user data.
    • IoT for interactions between smart home devices and data interactions (e.g., Alexa fetching weather data.)

    Benefits of APIs

    • Automation: Automate tasks by connecting systems.
    • Integration: Enable seamless interaction between systems/platforms.
    • Scalability: Support complex applications with modular communication.
    • Flexibility: Faster building of applications.

    Example of Simple API Request and Response

    • Example of a simple API request (e.g., GET https://api.example.com/users) and its JSON response. Showing sample output of data.

    API Development and Tools

    • Dev & Tools: Tools for building, testing, and documenting APIs including Flask, Express.js, Django, Postman, Swagger, Insomnia, OpenAPI, Swagger UI.

    Summary and Q&A

    • Brief summary of Web servers and API technologies.
    • Instructions for responding to any remaining questions.

    Server Side Script (Python)

    • Focuses on Python's ability to perform server-side scripting.

    Web Application Development

    • Detailed description about how web applications are developed, using the combination of HTML, form and Python coding

    What is Python?

    • Python is a widely used high-level, general-purpose programming language, known for its readability.
    • Developed by Guido van Rossum and released in 1991.
    • Versatile applications include web development (server-side), software development, mathematics, and system scripting.

    What can Python do?

    • Python scripts can interact with servers and databases. Modifying, reading and writing files, managing large amounts of data, and dealing with complex mathematics (including symbolic or algebraic calculations) and prototyping.

    Why Python?

    • Platform Independence: Works across various operating systems (like Windows, Mac, Linux, Raspberry Pi, etc.)
    • Simple Syntax: Relies on indentation over semicolons and parentheses. Similar to standard English.
    • Rapid Prototyping: Runs on an interpreter system so code can execute as soon as it's written, enabling quick prototyping and testing
    • Object-oriented, Procedural or Functional: Allows for flexibility.

    Good to Know

    • Python 3 is the latest version currently supported.
    • Python 2 is less actively developed/supported.
    • A text editor can be used to write Python. (e.g. Notepad++ for Windows)
    • Web browsers are needed to view Python output to the browser. (e.g., Google Chrome)
    • Python can use external libraries.

    Python Syntax compared to other programming languages.

    • Comparison of Python syntax with other languages like Java, Ruby, C++, and PHP; highlighting Python's simplicity and readability in a contrast to others. Highlighting the similarities and differences.

    Top 10 Python Frameworks for Web Development

    • List of popular Python frameworks for web applications (Django, CherryPy, Pyramid, Grok, TurboGears, Web2Py, Flask, Bottle, Tornado, BlueBream).

    Python Getting Started

    • Instruction for installation.
    • Checking for the correct "version"
    • Checking if your Python installation has included the required features.

    Python Quickstart

    • Instructions for running your first Python program. This involves writing a Python code file that tells the python interpreter what to print, and then to execute or run the code on your computer)
    • Using Python interpreter (primary prompt) shows how to write and run code interactively.

    Interactive Interpreter (Exercises)

    • A set of exercises to practice using the Python interpreter interactively.

    List of Databases

    • Explanation of different databases (MySQL).

    Databases & Structured Query Language (SQL)

    • Database is a collection of data that are organized.
    • Databases store different data types, and the system manages and organizes these.
    • SQL is used for accessing and manipulating data in databases. There are many different types of databases that can be accessed. DML and DDL are sub parts of SQL.
    • SQL, stands for Structured Query Language- is a computer language specifically for data management. It is an ANSI (American National Standards Institute) and ISO standard language. SQL includes functionalities for accessing data from a database, inserting new records, deleting records, and making changes to records. Learning and understanding its use cases is important to web development.

    Introduction to Database Interface (DBI)

    • Accesses the databases via a uniform interface that supports different database systems.
    • Can be used to retrieve and present results to the client, even if the database syntax differs.
    • A "driver" in database contexts enables applications to access databases efficiently and support the various syntax variations.

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