HTML and MVC Concepts Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of the INotifyPropertyChanged interface in a ViewModel?

It allows the ViewModel to notify the UI about property changes, enabling dynamic updates.

What are the two primary sections of an HTML document?

The two sections are the head and the body.

Describe the significance of hypertext in the context of HTML.

Hypertext enables the creation of links within documents, allowing users to navigate between different files or sections.

What is the main purpose of the img tag in HTML?

<p>The <code>img</code> tag is used to embed images from the server into the HTML document.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the link and script tags function within the head section of an HTML document?

<p>The <code>link</code> tag is used to load CSS stylesheets, while the <code>script</code> tag imports and runs JavaScript code.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes an unordered list from an ordered list in HTML?

<p>An unordered list uses bullets, while an ordered list uses numbers to indicate the sequence of items.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the head section play in an HTML document?

<p>The <code>head</code> section contains metadata, links to stylesheets, and scripts necessary for the document.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What needs to be remembered when using the script tag in HTML?

<p>The <code>script</code> tag cannot self-close, meaning it must have both opening and closing tags.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the fundamental phases included in the software life cycle?

<p>Software requirement, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the primary goal of the MVC pattern in software development.

<p>To separate the application into three interconnected components: Model, View, and Controller.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the total grade is allocated to lab assignments in the course?

<p>35%</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should teams submit via email by the deadline in Week 1?

<p>A submission confirming their team formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three components of the MVC architecture?

<p>Model, View, and Controller.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes class participation in grading?

<p>Lab attendance and in-class activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key component that both the View and Controller in the MVC pattern interact with?

<p>The Model.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which instructor teaches the Software Engineering course?

<p>Shashank Arora.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'id' attribute in HTML?

<p>The 'id' attribute provides a unique value to reference a specific element in both CSS and JavaScript.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the significance of using CSS instead of inline styling in HTML.

<p>Using CSS helps maintain cleaner HTML and allows for easier changes site-wide without needing to modify individual elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do multiple selectors in CSS accomplish?

<p>Multiple selectors allow you to apply the same styles to different types of elements simultaneously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the class and id selectors differ in CSS?

<p>Class selectors target non-unique elements, while id selectors target unique elements in the HTML document.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are pseudo-classes in CSS and their functionality?

<p>Pseudo-classes are used to define a special state of an element, allowing the browser to apply styles dynamically.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the 'if-then' logic in CSS.

<p>CSS operates on an 'if-then' basis where styles are applied if a specific selector's condition is met.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should you avoid using inline styles for your web pages?

<p>Inline styles lead to code repetition and make it difficult to manage site-wide changes efficiently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of declaring site-wide defaults in CSS?

<p>Declaring site-wide defaults ensures consistent styling across the entire website.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the purpose of the classList member in JavaScript and describe its toggle method.

<p><code>classList</code> allows manipulation of an element's classes, and <code>toggle</code> adds a class if it isn't present or removes it if it is.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common way to handle click events in JavaScript and what is the purpose of the addEventListener method?

<p>A click event can be handled using <code>addEventListener('click', callback)</code>, which triggers the callback function when the button is clicked.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can JavaScript be incorporated into an HTML document, and why is this important?

<p>JavaScript can be added within the HTML body using <code>&lt;script&gt;</code> tags, which is important for enabling interactivity and dynamic content on web pages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the function of the console and its significance in debugging JavaScript.

<p>The console provides a REPL for executing JavaScript code and displays error messages, making it essential for debugging and inspecting page elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the components of the MERN stack and explain their roles.

<p>The MERN stack includes MongoDB (database), Express.js (web framework), React.js (client-side framework), and Node.js (server environment) to create full-stack applications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the dynamic typing feature of JavaScript differ from the strict typing in Java?

<p>JavaScript allows variables to change types at runtime, making it more flexible than Java's strict type system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the delete operator in JavaScript when manipulating associative arrays?

<p>The <code>delete</code> operator is used to remove a property from an associative array in JavaScript.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the advantage of string template literals in JavaScript compared to traditional string concatenation.

<p>String template literals allow for easier and cleaner string interpolation using the <code>${}</code> syntax.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the Document Object Model (DOM) play in web development?

<p>The DOM represents the structure of a web page as a tree of objects, enabling programming languages like JavaScript to interact with HTML elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you select a specific HTML element with an 'id' instead of using general selectors in JavaScript?

<p>You can retrieve a specific HTML element by using <code>document.getElementById('yourId')</code>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the purpose of the style member when interacting with an HTML element through JavaScript.

<p>The <code>style</code> member allows developers to change the inline CSS styles of an HTML element directly via JavaScript.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the common output types available in the JavaScript console, and what is their use?

<p>The console provides output types such as log, debug, and error, used to display different levels of information and errors during development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do JavaScript arrays provide functionality that's inspired by functional programming?

<p>JavaScript arrays support higher-order functions, such as <code>forEach</code>, allowing developers to handle array elements easily and effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Software Engineering

The methodical and disciplined approach to developing, operating, and maintaining software systems.

Software Life Cycle

The different stages a software project goes through, from planning and gathering requirements to development, testing, deployment, and ongoing maintenance.

MVC (Model-View-Controller)

A popular software design pattern that separates the user interface (View), data handling (Model), and user actions (Controller).

View (MVC)

The part of the MVC pattern responsible for displaying information to the user, typically using markup languages like HTML.

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Model (MVC)

The part of the MVC pattern that holds the data and logic of the application. It's often a simple object with minimal methods.

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Controller (MVC)

The part of the MVC pattern that handles user interactions and requests, and communicates with both the Model and the View.

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Project Milestones

Key checkpoints in a software development project that represent significant progress, such as requirements documentation, design completion, and testing phases.

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Team Project

A collaborative software development effort where students work together in teams to design, develop, and test a software application.

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Class List

A member of every element in HTML that allows you to add, remove, toggle, or replace classes. It uses methods such as add(), remove(), toggle(), and replace() to manage classes.

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Event Listener

A mechanism that triggers a function when a specific event occurs on an element. It's used to listen for user interactions or changes in the webpage.

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Console

A developer tool in the browser that displays messages, logs, errors, and provides a REPL (Read-Eval-Print Loop).

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REPL

An interactive environment where you can type JavaScript commands and see the results immediately. It's used for experimenting, testing, and debugging.

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MERN Stack

A popular JavaScript-based technology stack for building web applications. It combines MongoDB (database), Express (server framework), React (frontend framework), and Node.js (JavaScript runtime).

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HTML Tag Attributes

Special characteristics that modify the behavior or appearance of an HTML tag. They are written within the tag itself, using the syntax 'attribute="value"'.

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id Attribute

A unique identifier assigned to an HTML element. It allows you to target and manipulate that specific element using CSS and JavaScript.

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class Attribute

A non-unique identifier that you can use to apply styles to multiple elements with the same class. It allows for grouping and applying styles uniformly.

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name Attribute

Used in form elements, primarily for identifying and sending data to the server.

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CSS Selectors

Rules in CSS that specify which HTML elements to apply styles to.

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CSS Pseudo-classes

Special states or conditions that can be applied dynamically to HTML elements within CSS. They offer flexibility in styling based on user actions or element states.

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Inline CSS

Adding CSS styles directly within the HTML tag itself using the 'style' attribute.

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External CSS

Creating a separate CSS file (.css) and linking it to your HTML file. It allows for better organization, reusability, and maintenance of your styles.

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Hypertext

Hypertext refers to the use of links that allow users to navigate to different parts of a document or to other documents. This makes information more interconnected and accessible.

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HTML Document Structure

An HTML document begins with the <html> tag, which contains the document's head and body. The head section holds meta-information, while the body holds the actual content that will be displayed.

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HTML Tags

HTML tags are special keywords enclosed in angle brackets (< and >). They define elements and their attributes, controlling the presentation and behavior of the content.

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HTML Paragraph Tag (<p>)

The <p> tag is used to create a paragraph of text. It indicates a block of text with a new line before and after.

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HTML Heading Tags (<h1> to <h6>)

Heading tags (like <h1>, <h2>, etc.) are used for different levels of headings within an HTML document. <h1> is the largest and most important heading, <h6> the smallest.

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HTML Image Tag (<img>)

The <img> tag is used to embed an image into an HTML document. It requires the src attribute to specify the image's source path.

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HTML Links (<a>)

The <a> tag is used to create hyperlinks. The href attribute specifies the URL or target of the link. Clicking on a link will navigate to the specified resource.

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JavaScript Type System

JavaScript is dynamically typed, meaning variables don't have fixed data types and can change during runtime. This allows for flexibility but can lead to unexpected behaviors.

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Associative Arrays in JavaScript

JavaScript uses associative arrays, also known as hash maps, which allow you to store data using key-value pairs. You can access and modify values using the square bracket notation.

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String Template Literals

A feature in JavaScript that allows you to embed variables or expressions directly within a string using backticks (`). This makes it easier to construct dynamic strings.

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JavaScript forEach Loop

A method that iterates over all elements of an array, executing a provided callback function for each element.

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JavaScript Console

A tool that provides access to a debugging environment within your browser. It allows you to print values, inspect objects, and trace execution.

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DOM (Document Object Model)

A programming interface that represents the structure of an HTML document as a tree of nodes, allowing you to access and manipulate its content, style, and behavior using JavaScript.

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JavaScriptSelectors

A way to target specific elements within the DOM using CSS-like syntax. You can use them to select elements based on their tag name, class name, ID, or other attributes.

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Study Notes

Course Information

  • Course Title: ICSI 418Y Software Engineering
  • Software Engineering is the study and application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software.
  • The course covers the fundamental principles of software engineering, including all phases of the software life cycle, from requirements to analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance.

Learning Objectives

  • Teamwork skills
  • Applying Software Engineering Principles
  • Creating project plans
  • Designing and analyzing design models
  • Creating functional projects
  • Understanding good coding practices
  • Using various quality assurance techniques

Course Instructors

  • Instructor: Shashank Arora
  • Campus Address: UAB 420
  • Email: [email protected]
  • Office Hours: TBD
  • Teaching Assistant: Ugochukwu Oro
  • Email: [email protected]
  • Office Hours: TBD
  • Location: TBD

Grading

  • Final Exam: 10%

  • Team Project: 25%

  • Project Milestones: 20%

  • Lab Assignments: 35%

  • Class Participation: 10%

  • Final Exam: 10%

  • Team Project: 25%

    • Functionality, completeness, UI
    • Project Proposal
    • Requirement Specification
    • Solution Design and Architecture
    • Final Report

  • Project Milestones: 20%

  • Lab Assignments: 35%

    • Bi-Weekly Labs
    • Lab attendance
    • In-class activities

  • Class Participation: 10%

Tentative Lecture Plan

  • Software Process
  • Software Requirements
  • Software Design
  • Architecture
  • Testing and Validation
  • Best Practices

Labs

  • Bi-Weekly Labs on Tuesdays (due Tuesdays at 11:59 PM)
  • Conducted by TA
  • Designed to introduce web development

Week 1 Goals

  • Form Teams (due Tuesday, September 3rd, 11:59PM) - teams of 5 students (11 teams)
  • Submit via email to [email protected], one submission per team.
  • Cover Basic Web Development

Skills

  • Web Development
  • HTML, CSS, JavaScript

MVC (Model View Controller)

  • A common software pattern in modern development
  • Each UI has three parts:
    • View (markup like HTML, XML)
    • Model (data bag, object with few/no methods)
    • Controller (object with methods)
  • The model is central; both view and controller interact with it.

Workflow

  • The controller initiates a View with a Model
  • The Server sends the markup.
  • The Model can be applied to the markup by either the server or client
  • The client displays the UI
  • User action updates the Model
  • The updated Model is sent back to the server via the controller

Example (SimpleViewModel)

  • Model with Properties (name, greeting)
  • Example UI binding to the Model

HTML (HyperText Markup Language)

  • Started in the 1990s at CERN for sharing documents
  • Combines "tag" methodology of SGML with hypertext (concept from Ted Nelson, 1963)
  • Hypertext enables jumping to different documents/parts using links

HTML Structure

  • Basic structure: <html> tag, with <head> and <body> sections
  • <html> encloses the document
  • <head> contains meta info like title, scripts, links
  • <body> contains visible content

HTML Formatting

  • Includes various tags (paragraph <p>, line break <br>, headings <h1> to <h6>, emphasis, bold, italics, underlines, etc., subscript/superscripts)

HTML Lists

  • Ordered lists (<ol>): numbered items
  • Unordered lists (<ul>): bulleted items
  • List items (<li>): within ol or ul

HTML Tables

  • Creating tables using <table> tag, with rows (<tr>), columns (<td>), and headers (<th>)

Additional Resources

  • A website like MDN Web Docs is useful for HTML details

HTML Interactions

  • How browsers, servers, and JavaScript interact (<img> tag example)

HTML Headers

  • <head> tag contains important elements (<link>, <script>) to load resources, similar to "#include" or Java's import
    • <link> is used often for style sheets (CSS)
    • <script> is for JavaScript code, external scripts, and embedded code, (self-closing not allowed)

Key HTML Attributes

  • id: unique identifier for elements (usable by JavaScript and CSS)
  • class: one or more non-unique identifiers (commonly used in CSS)
  • name: for form fields (pass data names to the server)

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)

  • Styles pages (panache and flair) rather than the skeleton of HTML
  • CSS is an "if-then" based technology that applies styles to HTML

CSS and Repetition

  • Having repeated HTML elements results in repetition of formatting in the HTML
  • Use CSS for non-repeating styling
  • Avoid inline HTML styles

CSS Basics

  • Selectors decide which elements are formatted
  • CSS uses rules (selector { declaration; }) where the selector is the "if" condition and the declarations are the "then" actions
  • Includes sample rule for all <p> tags, for example

CSS Multiple Selectors

  • selector1, selector2 { declaration; } applies the declarations to elements match either selector
  • affects paragraphs, bold, and spans in the example provided

CSS Other Selectors

  • Use #id for ID based selection
  • Use class for selection by class name
  • Use tag[attributeName] to check for presence/value of attributes like href

Pseudo-classes

  • :hover: applies when a user hovers over an item
  • :visited: applies for visited links
  • :link: applies for unvisited links
  • :required: is applied to required input fields

JavaScript

  • JavaScript resembles Java but has crucial distinctions
  • It is dynamically typed
  • Utilizes associative arrays (hash maps)
  • Includes ways to interact with the web page

String Template Literals

  • This is a feature to make dealing with strings easier in JavaScript

JavaScript's Interactions with HTML

  • JavaScript interacts with HTML via the Document Object Model (DOM)
  • querySelector() and querySelectorAll() help search for elements in DOM (based on CSS)
  • getElementById() is for specific elements by ID
  • Changing styling of a specific element is possible using .style attributes, but for consistency its better to use classList for changing classes

JavaScript Events

  • Events are callbacks that trigger based on user interaction; like click
  • Use addEventListener() for reactions to events (example shown for button clicks on the page)

Integrating JavaScript

  • Embed JavaScript <script> tags within the HTML <body> (typically) or external files.

Console/Debugger

  • F12 allows you to use the console in most browsers to display output, messages, etc., from Java script code and any errors.

Working with the DOM

  • The DOM (Document Object Model) helps Javascript interact with HTML by making it a tree object
  • document.querySelector and document.querySelectorAll can be used for selecting elements based on selectors which are similar to CSS selectors

Changing Data or Class in Elements

  • Changing the properties of an element through .style is available once you have control of the element with selector method, however its much more consistent to use .classList to modify class attributes

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Description

Test your knowledge on the foundational aspects of HTML and the MVC architecture in software development. This quiz covers key elements such as the structure of HTML documents, the role of tags, and principles of the MVC pattern. Perfect for students looking to solidify their understanding in these essential topics.

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