HTH SCI 3C04 Critical Appraisal of Intervention Studies (Part A) 3.1 Quiz

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What is the main purpose of sampling in a study?

To focus on non-random selection methods
To limit the generalizability of the study results
To select a representative group of people from the population (correct)
To ensure that the study is cost-effective

Which category of sampling involves random selection of subjects with each subject having an equal chance of being selected?

Probability sampling (correct)
Cluster sampling
Convenient sampling
Non-probability sampling

What is the major drawback of non-probability sampling in a study?

It is less time-consuming than probability sampling
It may have limited generalizability due to sampling bias (correct)
It is always representative of the target population
It is often used in quantitative studies

What does external validity refer to in a study?

The degree to which the study findings can be generalized beyond the study sample (B) Signup and view all the answers

When might non-probability sampling be preferred over probability sampling?

In qualitative studies with limited resources (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the target group for a study known as?

Population (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the intention-to-treat analysis?

Analyzing all patients regardless of whether they completed the intervention, received the wrong treatment, got partial treatment, or died during the study (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is intention-to-treat analysis important in clinical trials?

To account for non-adherence and missing data, maintaining the benefits of randomization (B) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of clinical trials, what is the purpose of study blinding?

To minimize bias by keeping participants and researchers unaware of treatment assignments (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which individuals involved in a clinical trial can be blinded?

Patients and outcome assessors (C) Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstances should placebos not be used in clinical trials?

When effective existing treatments are available (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is contamination in the context of clinical trials?

Unintentional transfer of outcome data between control and intervention groups (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to consider baseline differences between groups at the start of a study?

To understand how baseline differences may influence study outcomes (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does measurement bias refer to in a clinical trial context?

Systematic error in measuring outcomes that favors a particular group (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of random selection of subjects with each subject having an equal chance of being selected called?

Simple Random Sampling (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of health care access bias refers to the phenomenon where patients referred to tertiary care centers are typically more ill or have more rare disorders than patients who are followed in community hospitals?

Referral filter bias (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'intention-to-treat analysis' mean in the context of clinical trials?

Analyzing patients in groups to which they were assigned (D) Signup and view all the answers

What method aims to ensure that the sample is representative of the population from which it originated?

Randomization (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which method of allocation concealment involves the use of sequentially numbered, opaque, sealed envelopes?

Use of sequentially numbered, opaque, sealed envelopes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of assessing whether sampling bias exists?

To evaluate whether the sample represents the population accurately (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of randomization in a study?

To reduce the likelihood of baseline differences between groups (B) Signup and view all the answers

'Who/What' can be randomized in a study according to best methods for randomization?

'Who/What' can be randomized: All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

'Once randomized, always analyzed' is a key concept related to which aspect of intervention studies?

Random Allocation (Randomization) (A) Signup and view all the answers

'Variation between Groups' should be limited to what aspect in intervention studies?

'Are the results valid' in critical appraisal (A), 'Are the results valid' in critical appraisal (D) Signup and view all the answers

'Measurement bias' in a clinical trial context refers to what aspect?

'Baseline characteristics' similarity of groups (A) Signup and view all the answers

'Convenience Randomization' is categorized as which type of method according to its benefits?

'Less than ideal methods' (A) Signup and view all the answers