HR Diagram Science Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What 4 properties does the HR Diagram use to classify stars?

  • Temperature (correct)
  • Absolute Magnitude (correct)
  • Luminosity (correct)
  • Spectral Class (Color) (correct)
  • How many TYPES of stars are shown on the HR Diagram?

    4

    As a star changes color from red to blue, what happens to its surface temperature?

    It gets hotter

    Which type of star is dimmer than the sun?

    <p>Dwarfs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between luminosity and temperature for stars on the Main Sequence?

    <p>The brighter it is, the hotter it becomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the color of a star?

    <p>The star's temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes our Sun? (Select the correct answer)

    <p>The Sun is a yellow star and is the reference point for the luminosity chart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain what a Cepheid Variable Star is:

    <p>Its size and brightness changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of star has both a low luminosity and low temperature?

    <p>Red Dwarfs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color are stars with very low temperatures?

    <p>Red</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color are stars with very high temperatures?

    <p>Blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Fusion form?

    <p>Hydrogen + Hydrogen = Helium, releasing energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a Red Giant form?

    <p>Helium + Helium + Helium = Carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a Red Supergiant form?

    <p>Helium + Helium + Hydrogen = Carbon &amp; Heavy Elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between temperature/color and brightness in the HR Diagram?

    <p>Stars with a high temperature are blue and bright</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between temperature/color and expected lifetime? Which stars will die first and why?

    <p>The higher the temperature of a star, the shorter the lifetime.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which color of stars die out faster?

    <p>Blue stars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do stars with a high temperature die out faster?

    <p>Because they burn fuel faster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of stars have a longer lifetime: high temperature stars or low temperature stars?

    <p>Low temperature stars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of stars have a shorter lifetime: high temperature stars or low temperature stars?

    <p>High temperature stars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain why we know that there are red giants and supergiants on the HR Diagram.

    <p>Red giants and supergiants are both cold red stars that do not fall on the main sequence trend line.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the 4 TYPES/GROUPS of stars?

    <p>Main Sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe a cool star:

    <p>Dim, live longer, burns slower</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is luminosity?

    <p>The brightness of a star in comparison with that of the sun.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is absolute magnitude?

    <p>How bright a star is from a specific distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is apparent magnitude?

    <p>How bright a star appears from Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What 2 things affect the absolute magnitude and/or apparent magnitude of a star?

    <p>Temperature and size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe a large star:

    <p>Burn fuel faster = die faster; bright; hot or cold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe a small star:

    <p>Burn fuel slower = live longer; dim; hot or cold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Red Stars =

    <p>Cool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blue Stars =

    <p>Hot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is spectral class?

    <p>The classification of a star based on its color, with the sun's spectral class being G2.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What affects the luminosity of a star?

    <p>Size and temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What 3 things determine how bright a star will appear from Earth?

    <p>Size of the star, temperature of the star, distance from Earth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the color order on the HR Diagram from cold to hot?

    <p>Red, Orange, Yellow, White, Teal/Green, Blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    HR Diagram Overview

    • Classifies stars using four properties: Luminosity, Spectral Class (Color), Temperature, and Absolute Magnitude.
    • Total of four types of stars represented on the HR Diagram: Supergiants, Giants, Dwarfs, Main Sequence.

    Star Color and Temperature

    • Stars change color from red (cooler) to blue (hotter) as their surface temperature increases.
    • Low temperature stars appear red, while high temperature stars appear blue.

    Star Classification

    • The Sun is classified as a yellow star, considered average and serves as the luminosity reference point.
    • Dwarf stars are dimmer than the Sun.
    • Cepheid Variable Stars experience changes in size and brightness, with an inverse relationship between size and temperature.

    Luminosity and Temperature Relationship

    • Brightness and temperature positively correlate: as a star's temperature increases, its luminosity also increases.
    • High temperature stars (blue) have shorter lifespans due to faster fuel consumption, while low temperature stars (red) live longer.

    Lifecycle of Stars

    • Fusion occurs when hydrogen combines to form helium, releasing energy.
    • Red Giants form from the fusion of helium into carbon, whereas Red Supergiants involve the fusion of helium and hydrogen into carbon and heavy elements.

    Magnitude Definitions

    • Absolute Magnitude refers to brightness from a specific distance; Apparent Magnitude refers to how bright a star appears from Earth.
    • Both magnitudes are influenced by a star's size and temperature.

    Star Characteristics

    • Large stars burn fuel faster and die sooner, while small stars burn fuel slower and live longer.
    • A cool star is described as dim and long-lived due to its slower fuel consumption.

    Spectral Classification

    • Spectral Class, denoted by the color, is categorized with the Sun labeled as G2 within the classification system.

    HR Diagram Color Order

    • The color order from coldest to hottest stars is: Red, Orange, Yellow, White, Teal/Green, Blue.

    Location on HR Diagram

    • Red Giants and Supergiants do not align with the Main Sequence trend line and are significantly larger and brighter than typical stars.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of the HR diagram with this engaging quiz. Explore key properties used to classify stars, learn about different types of stars, and understand how a star's color relates to its surface temperature. Perfect for astronomy enthusiasts and students alike!

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