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Questions and Answers
Which model focuses more on the content rather than language itself in second language teaching?
Which model focuses more on the content rather than language itself in second language teaching?
Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) is an immersion program in an ESL setting.
Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) is an immersion program in an ESL setting.
False
What are the six subprocesses that elaborate on the social-process view of language?
What are the six subprocesses that elaborate on the social-process view of language?
Whole-person process, educational process, interpersonal process, developmental process, communicative process, cultural process.
The primary theory behind CBI and CLIL is called __________.
The primary theory behind CBI and CLIL is called __________.
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Match the teaching method with its description:
Match the teaching method with its description:
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What is the primary focus of Community Language Learning (CLL)?
What is the primary focus of Community Language Learning (CLL)?
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Learning a second language is more effective when the language is used solely for linguistic purposes rather than to understand content.
Learning a second language is more effective when the language is used solely for linguistic purposes rather than to understand content.
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In which geographical regions did Content-Based Instruction (CBI) and Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) primarily develop?
In which geographical regions did Content-Based Instruction (CBI) and Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) primarily develop?
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What does the Lexical Approach focus on in language teaching?
What does the Lexical Approach focus on in language teaching?
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Awareness activities are designed to promote the use of grammatical rules in language learning.
Awareness activities are designed to promote the use of grammatical rules in language learning.
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What is one method through which students practice chunking in language learning?
What is one method through which students practice chunking in language learning?
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The Lexical View of Language emphasizes the importance of ______ in producing language.
The Lexical View of Language emphasizes the importance of ______ in producing language.
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Match the teaching method with its primary focus:
Match the teaching method with its primary focus:
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Which of the following best describes Communicative Language Theory (CLT)?
Which of the following best describes Communicative Language Theory (CLT)?
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In Content And Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), subjects are taught solely in the native language of the students.
In Content And Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), subjects are taught solely in the native language of the students.
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What type of activities enhance memory retention according to Boers and Lindstromberg?
What type of activities enhance memory retention according to Boers and Lindstromberg?
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What is a primary characteristic of the Suggestopedia method?
What is a primary characteristic of the Suggestopedia method?
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Music is considered a secondary element in the Suggestopedia method.
Music is considered a secondary element in the Suggestopedia method.
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What type of psychology underlies the Suggestopedia method?
What type of psychology underlies the Suggestopedia method?
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Suggestopedia draws on principles of suggestion, relaxation, and _______.
Suggestopedia draws on principles of suggestion, relaxation, and _______.
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Which activity is commonly utilized in Suggestopedia to create a comfortable learning environment?
Which activity is commonly utilized in Suggestopedia to create a comfortable learning environment?
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Match the following language teaching methods to their characteristics:
Match the following language teaching methods to their characteristics:
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Community Language Learning is often characterized mainly by grammar drills and rote memorization.
Community Language Learning is often characterized mainly by grammar drills and rote memorization.
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What does Suggestopedia aim to overcome to facilitate learning?
What does Suggestopedia aim to overcome to facilitate learning?
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Study Notes
Teaching Methodology II
- Course offered at Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Topics covered include:
- Multiple Intelligences
- Suggestopedia
- Community Language Learning
- Content-Based Instruction
- The Lexical Approach
Lead In
- Listen to music and describe what is heard, using imagination
- Focus on musical intelligence
Multiple Intelligences (Differentiated Instruction)
- Multiple Intelligences (MI) is a learner-based philosophy
- Human intelligence has multiple dimensions that need acknowledgment and development in education
- Developed by Howard Gardner in 1983
- Advocates for differentiated instruction to cater to diverse learning needs and abilities
- Recognizes that students learn differently; strengths vary across intelligences
- Encourages varied teaching methods to accommodate individual differences
Classifications (Berman, 2002)
- Linguistic intelligence: word building games
- Logical/mathematical intelligence: logical-sequential analysis
- Visual/spatial intelligence: pictures, drawing a picture, bringing real objects or videos
- Bodily/kinesthetic intelligence: relaxation exercises, TED video
- Musical intelligence: English songs
- Interpersonal intelligence: brainstorming discussions, group work
- Intrapersonal intelligence: brainstorming, planning for writing a test
- Naturalist intelligence: background music from the natural world
Suggestopedia (1970s)
- A teaching method designed by Georgi Lozanov
- Based on the idea that learning can accelerate in a relaxed, suggestive environment that promotes receptiveness to the material
- Incorporates psychological, social, and artistic elements
- Emphasizes suggestive communication, relaxation, and music
- Key characteristics include classroom design (decoration, furniture, arrangement), use of music, and authoritative teacher behavior
Music in Suggestopedia
- Music is an important element in Suggestopedia, coordinating with intonation and rhythm
- Helps induce relaxed attitudes
- Benefits include facilitating personal relationships, enhancing self-esteem through musical performance, energizing rhythm, and fostering a comfortable learning environment for shy students
Theory of Learning
- Suggestopedia's theory is based on humanistic psychology and accelerated learning
- Emphasizes the brain's capabilities beyond traditional teaching methods
- Aims to remove psychological barriers by creating an optimal learning state through suggestion, relaxation, and positive reinforcement
- Encourages whole-person engagement through drama, role-playing, and art
Community Language Learning (CLL)
- Part of the humanistic language teaching tradition
- Techniques engage the whole person (emotions, feelings, etc.) as well as linguistic and behavioral skills
- Emphasizes the social-process view of language, including verbal and nonverbal communication
Content-Based Instruction (CBI) & Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) (1990s)
- CBI is an approach to second language teaching centered around content or subject
- CLIL focuses on content; language is a facilitator for learning content
- Both methods see language as enabling a deeper understanding of core content
- CLIL may begin in the language classroom, while CBI typically starts with content goals
- CLIL is not synonymous with immersion, rather about using English as a lingua franca
Core Principles
- Language is learned more effectively as a tool for understanding content, rather than just as an end in itself
- CBI better addresses learners' needs
Theory (CBI & CLIL)
- Communicative Language Theory (CLT), bolstered by Cognitive and Constructivist theories
- Emphasis on authentic and meaningful communication in real-world contexts, utilizing social interaction and cognitive engagement
Genre Model
- Genre refers to areas of human activity, such as science and literature, with specific language norms
- Language is a resource for meaning-making, consisting of interrelated systems
- Language users draw on this resource when creating texts
The Lexical Approach
- Focuses on teaching language through lexical units, not grammatical structures
- Units include words, collocations, and fixed phrases
Types of Learning & Teaching Activities
- Awareness activities encourage noticing chunks, utilizing corpora
- Training activities entail highlighting or underlining word strings to identify multi-word units
Memory-enhancing Activities
- Elaboration (spelling, pronunciation, meaning, grammatical category) strengthens memory for new terms
- Retelling activities enhance recall by using texts' specific chunks
Theory of Language Model (Lexical Model)
- Emphasizes vocabulary, lexical chunks, collocations, and patterns in both understanding and creating language
- Lexical units and grammar are intrinsically related; not discrete
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