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Questions and Answers

Which model focuses more on the content rather than language itself in second language teaching?

  • Social-Process Model
  • Community Language Learning
  • Content-Based Instruction (correct)
  • Suggestopedia

Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) is an immersion program in an ESL setting.

False (B)

What are the six subprocesses that elaborate on the social-process view of language?

Whole-person process, educational process, interpersonal process, developmental process, communicative process, cultural process.

The primary theory behind CBI and CLIL is called __________.

<p>Communicative Language Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the teaching method with its description:

<p>CBI = Focuses on content more than language CLIL = Integrates language learning with content CLT = Emphasizes authentic communication Suggestopedia = Uses relaxed learning environment techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Community Language Learning (CLL)?

<p>Learner's emotional and social experiences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Learning a second language is more effective when the language is used solely for linguistic purposes rather than to understand content.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which geographical regions did Content-Based Instruction (CBI) and Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) primarily develop?

<p>CBI in North America and CLIL in Europe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Lexical Approach focus on in language teaching?

<p>Lexical units and chunks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Awareness activities are designed to promote the use of grammatical rules in language learning.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one method through which students practice chunking in language learning?

<p>Highlighting or underlining word strings in an authentic text</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Lexical View of Language emphasizes the importance of ______ in producing language.

<p>lexis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the teaching method with its primary focus:

<p>Suggestopedia = Creating a comfortable learning environment Community Language Learning = Peer interaction and support Content-Based Instruction = Integrating content and language learning Content And Language Integrated Learning = Teaching subjects in a foreign language</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes Communicative Language Theory (CLT)?

<p>Focusing on meaning and interaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Content And Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), subjects are taught solely in the native language of the students.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of activities enhance memory retention according to Boers and Lindstromberg?

<p>Memory-enhancing activities or elaboration activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of the Suggestopedia method?

<p>Authoritative behavior of the teacher (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Music is considered a secondary element in the Suggestopedia method.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of psychology underlies the Suggestopedia method?

<p>humanistic psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

Suggestopedia draws on principles of suggestion, relaxation, and _______.

<p>positive reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which activity is commonly utilized in Suggestopedia to create a comfortable learning environment?

<p>Concert reading (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following language teaching methods to their characteristics:

<p>Suggestopedia = Uses music and relaxation to enhance learning Community Language Learning = Engages the whole person, including emotions Content-Based Instruction = Integrates content and language teaching Communicative Language Theory = Focuses on interaction as a means of language learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

Community Language Learning is often characterized mainly by grammar drills and rote memorization.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Suggestopedia aim to overcome to facilitate learning?

<p>psychological barriers</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Social-Process Model of Communication

A communication model that emphasizes the social and interactive aspects of language use. It considers factors like people's personalities and social interactions when communicating.

Content-Based Instruction (CBI)

An approach to second language teaching where lessons are centered around subject matter. The focus is on understanding the information, and language is used as a tool.

Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL)

An approach focusing on developing language skills while teaching a subject matter, common in Europe.

Communicative Language Theory (CLT)

A theory suggesting that language is learned best through meaningful communication in real-world contexts.

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Cognitive Learning Theory

A theory of learning that stresses the importance of mental processes, like understanding and remembering.

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Constructivist principles

Approaches to learning, emphasizing that learners build their own knowledge through experiences and interactions.

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English for Specific Purposes (ESP)

Learning English to use it proficiently in specific professional or academic fields.

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English for Academic Purposes (EAP)

Learning English to be successful in academic contexts.

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Lexical Approach

A language teaching method focusing on vocabulary and multi-word units (chunks).

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Lexical Unit

A word or a group of words that frequently appear together.

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Chunking (in language)

The practice of learning and using phrases or groups of words together.

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Collocation

Two or more words that frequently appear together in a specific order, creating a natural-sounding expression.

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Lexical Model of Language

Views language as primarily made up of vocabulary, phrases and patterns rather than grammar rules.

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Awareness Activities (in language learning)

Activities that help learners notice patterns and chunks in language.

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Retelling (in language)

Summarizing or re-phrasing a text using the same phrases/chunks as in the original text.

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Memory-enhancing Activities (in language learning)

Activities to help learners deeply understand and remember new words and phrases.

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Suggestopedia

A language-learning method aiming to create a relaxed, receptive environment, using music, suggestive communication, and positive reinforcement to enhance learning.

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Suggestopedia Characteristics

Suggestopedia uses classroom layout, music, and teacher authority to foster a receptive environment for learning.

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Suggestopedia Music Role

Music in Suggestopedia coordinates with learning material, inducing relaxation and enhancing learning.

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Suggestopedia Theory

Suggestopedia's theory of learning emphasizes the brain's ability to learn more under optimal mental states, using suggestion, relaxation and reinforcement.

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Suggestopedia Focus

Suggestopedia emphasizes engaging the emotional, physical, and intellectual aspects of the learner to create a multisensory learning experience.

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Humanistic Psychology

A psychology approach focusing on the whole person, including emotions, feelings, knowledge, and skills.

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Community Language Learning (CLL)

A language learning method often cited as a humanistic approach that considers emotions and feelings in the learning process.

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Classroom Design

Crucial aspect of Suggestopedia that contributes to creating relaxed, effective learning environment.

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Study Notes

Teaching Methodology II

  • Course offered at Shanghai Jiao Tong University
  • Topics covered include:
    • Multiple Intelligences
    • Suggestopedia
    • Community Language Learning
    • Content-Based Instruction
    • The Lexical Approach

Lead In

  • Listen to music and describe what is heard, using imagination
  • Focus on musical intelligence

Multiple Intelligences (Differentiated Instruction)

  • Multiple Intelligences (MI) is a learner-based philosophy
  • Human intelligence has multiple dimensions that need acknowledgment and development in education
  • Developed by Howard Gardner in 1983
  • Advocates for differentiated instruction to cater to diverse learning needs and abilities
  • Recognizes that students learn differently; strengths vary across intelligences
  • Encourages varied teaching methods to accommodate individual differences

Classifications (Berman, 2002)

  • Linguistic intelligence: word building games
  • Logical/mathematical intelligence: logical-sequential analysis
  • Visual/spatial intelligence: pictures, drawing a picture, bringing real objects or videos
  • Bodily/kinesthetic intelligence: relaxation exercises, TED video
  • Musical intelligence: English songs
  • Interpersonal intelligence: brainstorming discussions, group work
  • Intrapersonal intelligence: brainstorming, planning for writing a test
  • Naturalist intelligence: background music from the natural world

Suggestopedia (1970s)

  • A teaching method designed by Georgi Lozanov
  • Based on the idea that learning can accelerate in a relaxed, suggestive environment that promotes receptiveness to the material
  • Incorporates psychological, social, and artistic elements
  • Emphasizes suggestive communication, relaxation, and music
  • Key characteristics include classroom design (decoration, furniture, arrangement), use of music, and authoritative teacher behavior

Music in Suggestopedia

  • Music is an important element in Suggestopedia, coordinating with intonation and rhythm
  • Helps induce relaxed attitudes
  • Benefits include facilitating personal relationships, enhancing self-esteem through musical performance, energizing rhythm, and fostering a comfortable learning environment for shy students

Theory of Learning

  • Suggestopedia's theory is based on humanistic psychology and accelerated learning
  • Emphasizes the brain's capabilities beyond traditional teaching methods
  • Aims to remove psychological barriers by creating an optimal learning state through suggestion, relaxation, and positive reinforcement
  • Encourages whole-person engagement through drama, role-playing, and art

Community Language Learning (CLL)

  • Part of the humanistic language teaching tradition
  • Techniques engage the whole person (emotions, feelings, etc.) as well as linguistic and behavioral skills
  • Emphasizes the social-process view of language, including verbal and nonverbal communication

Content-Based Instruction (CBI) & Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) (1990s)

  • CBI is an approach to second language teaching centered around content or subject
  • CLIL focuses on content; language is a facilitator for learning content
  • Both methods see language as enabling a deeper understanding of core content
  • CLIL may begin in the language classroom, while CBI typically starts with content goals
  • CLIL is not synonymous with immersion, rather about using English as a lingua franca

Core Principles

  • Language is learned more effectively as a tool for understanding content, rather than just as an end in itself
  • CBI better addresses learners' needs

Theory (CBI & CLIL)

  • Communicative Language Theory (CLT), bolstered by Cognitive and Constructivist theories
  • Emphasis on authentic and meaningful communication in real-world contexts, utilizing social interaction and cognitive engagement

Genre Model

  • Genre refers to areas of human activity, such as science and literature, with specific language norms
  • Language is a resource for meaning-making, consisting of interrelated systems
  • Language users draw on this resource when creating texts

The Lexical Approach

  • Focuses on teaching language through lexical units, not grammatical structures
  • Units include words, collocations, and fixed phrases

Types of Learning & Teaching Activities

  • Awareness activities encourage noticing chunks, utilizing corpora
  • Training activities entail highlighting or underlining word strings to identify multi-word units

Memory-enhancing Activities

  • Elaboration (spelling, pronunciation, meaning, grammatical category) strengthens memory for new terms
  • Retelling activities enhance recall by using texts' specific chunks

Theory of Language Model (Lexical Model)

  • Emphasizes vocabulary, lexical chunks, collocations, and patterns in both understanding and creating language
  • Lexical units and grammar are intrinsically related; not discrete

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