Neural Development

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What is the pattern of Hox gene expression regulated by in the neural tube and mesodermal cells?

Intrinsic mechanisms of the neural tube and mesodermal cells (correct)
Retinoic acid levels in the notochord
SHH secretion by the floor plate
Extrinsic mechanisms of the neural tube

What is the role of the notochord in the formation of the floorplate in the dorsal region?

It gives rise to the structure right above the neural tube
It secretes BMPs to induce floorplate formation
It transplants the ectoderm to induce floorplate formation
It secretes SHH to induce floorplate formation (correct)

What is the function of the ventral region of the spinal cord?

Coordinating motor output (correct)
Forming the floorplate
Processing sensory input
Secreting retinoic acid

What is the effect of high concentration of SHH in dissociated cell culture experiments?

Induction of motor neurons (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of SHH binding to the receptor transmembrane protein Patched (PTC)?

Activation of Smoothened (SMO) (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the expression pattern of Hox13 in the neural tube?

Expressed at the posterior part of the neural tube and has low responsiveness to retinoic acid (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the floor plate in the spinal cord?

Secreting SHH to induce floorplate formation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of SHH signals in the ventral neural tube?

Activate transcription of ventral-specific genes through the Gli family (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of a mutation in the Notch or Delta gene in Drosophila?

The formation of a larger brain at the expense of the head epidermis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Dorsalin in neural development?

Promote the differentiation of neural crest cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of Notch signaling in Delta-Notch signaling?

Delta binds to Notch, activating a protease that cleaves the Notch intracellular domain (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of laser ablation of a neuroblast cell in a grasshopper?

The replacement of the neuroblast by another cell (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of BMPs in neural development?

Induce the differentiation of roofplate cells, neural crest cells, and dorsal interneurons (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of a slight imbalance in Notch signaling in a cell?

The cell becomes a neuroblast (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of Notch signaling inhibition in the daughter cell receiving the Numb protein?

Formation of neural and sheath cells only (B) Signup and view all the answers

In which zone do precursor cells generate in human cortical neurogenesis?

Ventricular and sub-ventricular zones (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Radial Glial Cells in cortical development?

To provide a scaffold for the migration of neurons into cortical layers (B) Signup and view all the answers

What determines the fate of the cells produced during asymmetric division?

The plane of cleavage during cell division (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of high levels of Par3 protein in Radial Glial Cells?

Low active Numb and high Notch signaling (A) Signup and view all the answers

What influences the fate of multipotent neural crest cells in the PNS?

The signals they encounter during their migration (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of BMPs in the PNS?

To induce neuronal cell fate (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference in the migration of neural crest cells in the PNS and CNS?

The timing of migration and differentiation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Lis-1 in radial migration?

Regulation of the microtubule cytoskeleton (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the experiment with 3H-thymidine in monkeys?

It revealed the layers of the cortex where early and late born neurons are found (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of lamination defects in the reeler mouse?

There is a complete inversion of cortical layers (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Reelin in cortical development?

It regulates the migration of cortical neurons (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of tangential migration in cortical development?

Non-radial migration of cells in the CNS (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Cajal-Retzius cells in cortical development?

They produce reelin (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the scrambler mouse model in understanding cortical development?

It demonstrates the role of reelin in lamination (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of cortical interneurons in terms of their migration?

They migrate tangentially across the cortex (C) Signup and view all the answers