How well do you know the technology behind Bitcoin?

Study Notes

The Bitcoin whitepaper proposes a peer-to-peer electronic cash system.
It aims to eliminate the need for a trusted third party in online payments.
Digital signatures are used to transfer coins between owners.
The problem of double-spending is solved using a distributed timestamp server.
Proof-of-work is used to prevent attackers from modifying the blockchain.
The longest chain with the most CPU power is considered the correct one.
Nodes can leave and rejoin the network at will.
The first transaction in a block creates a new coin owned by the block creator.
The steady addition of new coins is analogous to gold miners adding gold to circulation.
Transaction fees can eventually replace the incentive for nodes to support the network.
The proposed system is for electronic transactions without relying on trust.
It uses digital signatures to provide strong control of ownership.
The system prevents double-spending through a peer-to-peer network using proof-of-work.
The network quickly becomes computationally impractical for an attacker to change if honest nodes control a majority of CPU power.
The network is unstructured and nodes work all at once with little coordination.
Messages are not routed to any particular place and only need to be delivered on a best effort basis.
Nodes can leave and rejoin the network at will, accepting the proof-of-work chain as proof of what happened while they were gone.
The system is designed to be robust and secure.
Transactions are hashed in a Merkle Tree to save disk space.
Privacy is maintained by keeping public keys anonymous and using a new key pair for each transaction.
Participants in the Bitcoin network vote with their CPU power.
They express their acceptance of valid blocks by working on extending them.
They reject invalid blocks by refusing to work on them.
This consensus mechanism enforces rules and incentives.
The b-money and Hashcash systems are related to Bitcoin.
The secure timestamping service has minimal trust requirements.
Digital documents can be timestamped and named securely.
Protocols for public key cryptosystems are used.
Probability theory is relevant to Bitcoin.
The PDF is available in multiple languages.