Questions and Answers
What was Gandhi's profession?
Lawyer
In which country did Gandhi first employ nonviolent resistance?
South Africa
What was the goal of the Dandi Salt March?
To challenge the British-imposed salt tax
When did Britain grant independence to India?
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What was the indirect goal of Gandhi's last hunger strike?
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Study Notes
- Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was an Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalist and political ethicist.
- He employed nonviolent resistance to lead the successful campaign for India's independence from British rule.
- Gandhi was born in 1869 in coastal Gujarat and trained in law in London.
- He lived in South Africa for 21 years, where he first employed nonviolent resistance in a campaign for civil rights.
- In 1915, he returned to India and led nationwide campaigns for easing poverty, expanding women's rights, and achieving self-rule.
- Gandhi adopted a simple lifestyle and undertook long fasts as a means of political protest.
- He challenged the British-imposed salt tax with the Dandi Salt March in 1930 and called for the British to quit India in 1942.
- Britain granted independence in 1947, but the British Indian Empire was partitioned into two dominions, India and Pakistan.
- Religious violence broke out as many displaced Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs made their way to their new lands.
- Gandhi attempted to alleviate distress and undertook several hunger strikes to stop the religious violence, the last of which began in 1948 and had the indirect goal of pressuring India to pay out some cash assets owed to Pakistan.
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