Questions and Answers
What are enzymes?
Proteins that act as biological catalysts
How much can enzymes increase reaction rates by?
A factor of 1000 to 10,000 over uncatalyzed reactions
How are enzymes named?
Using a short name for everyday use and a systematic name based on their class and subgroup
How many major classes are enzymes classified into based on their biochemical properties?
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What is an active site of an enzyme?
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What are cofactors?
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How do enzymes work?
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Study Notes
• Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts, increasing the rate of reactions without being consumed in the process.
• Enzymes can increase reaction rates by a factor of 103 to 108 over uncatalyzed reactions.
• Enzymes are named using a short name for everyday use and a systematic name based on their class and subgroup.
• Enzymes are classified into six major classes based on their biochemical properties: oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, and ligases.
• Enzymes have an active site that contains amino acid side chains for substrate binding and catalysis, and its shape determines enzyme specificity.
• Enzyme-catalyzed reactions are highly efficient, with turnover numbers varying between 0.5 to 10000 per second.
• Enzymes exhibit chemical specificity based on group specificity, absolute specificity, and stereochemical/geometric specificity.
• Cofactors are non-protein substances required for enzyme activity, and the combination of the apoenzyme and cofactor forms the holoenzyme.
• Enzymes work by binding to substrates to form an enzyme-substrate complex, going through a transition state, forming an enzyme-product complex, and finally separating.
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