How Well Do You Know Dogs?

Internally Coordinated Responses of Dogs to Internal and External Stimuli:

Dogs have evolved to understand and communicate with humans through millennia of contact with humans and their lifestyles.
The origin of domestic dogs is unclear, but there is evidence of human-canine behavioral coevolution.
Dogs have advanced memory skills and can learn and retain the names of over 1,000 words.
Dogs can read and react appropriately to human body language and voice commands, and demonstrate a theory of mind by engaging in deception.
Dogs have a keen sense of vision, hearing, smell, taste, touch, proprioception, and sensitivity to the earth's magnetic field.
Dog communication involves eye gaze, facial expression, vocalization, body posture, and gustatory communication.
Dogs engage in play with other dogs and humans, and play behavior is training for important behaviors later in life.
Empathy is linked to facial mimicry in dogs, and dogs have been observed responding empathetically to humans and other dogs.
Studies have identified broad personality traits in dogs, including playfulness, curiosity/fearlessness, chase-proneness, sociability, aggressiveness, and shyness-boldness.
Dominance is a relative attribute that describes the relationship between pairs of individuals, and there is no good evidence that "dominance" is a lifelong character trait.
Dogs have a keen sense of smell and use pheromones for communication, marking their territories with urine and stools.
Feral dogs live in a wild state with no food and shelter intentionally provided by humans and show a continuous and strong avoidance of direct human contact.Behavior of Dogs: Reproduction, Parenting, and Common Behavior Problems
Dogs prefer novelty over familiarity and sleep an average of 10.1 hours in captivity.
Dogs can reach sexual maturity and reproduce during their first year, with females having their first estrus at 6 to 12 months of age.
Female dogs have a nonseasonal and monestrus estrous cycle, with an average interval of seven months between cycles.
Dogs are polygamous and have no pair bonding, allowing them to maximize pup production and maintain or increase their population with a lower pup survival rate than wolves.
Wolf pups are cared for primarily by their mother for the first 3 months of their life, while dog pups are cared for by the mother and receive no further maternal care after being weaned at 10 weeks.
Common behavior problems in dogs include overexcitement, jumping up on people, separation anxiety, resource guarding, jealousy, noise anxiety, and tail chasing.
Separation anxiety in dogs is related to their dependency on their owner and can lead to destructive and vocalizing behaviors.
Resource guarding is exhibited by many dogs and can lead to aggression if not treated.
Canines can express jealousy, fear loud noises, and exhibit tail chasing as a stereotypy.
Dogs were initially selected for their behaviors, with reduced fear and aggression compared to wolves due to selection for tameness during domestication.
Feral dog groups are composed of a stable 2-6 members compared to the 2-15 member wolf pack whose size fluctuates with the availability of prey, and feral dog groups consist of monogamous breeding pairs compared to the one breeding pair of the wolf pack.
The critical period for socialization in dogs begins at 4 weeks of age, with only 90 minutes of contact with humans needed for social attachment, while wolves require 24 hours of contact a day starting before 3 weeks of age and can only be socialized until age 4 months.Differences Between Dogs and Wolves
Dogs have evolved to have a capacity for attachment to humans similar to human infants.
Dogs and wolves have the cognitive capacity for prosocial behavior towards humans, but relevant lifetime experiences are required for canids to perform well on human-guided tasks.
Dogs reach sexual maturity and can reproduce during their first year, while wolves reproduce at two years.
Domestic dogs are polygamous, while wolves are generally monogamous.
Dogs stand alone among all canids for a total lack of paternal care.
Feral dogs are not primarily scavengers but have an opportunistic diet ranging from garbage to live prey.
Studies have shown that humans can influence the behavior of dogs through food, petting, and voice.
The scent of the familiar human activates the canine caudate maximally, suggesting that dogs have a positive association with the scent.
The type of relationship between dog and master significantly affects the dog's performance on a cognitive problem-solving task.
Service dogs are trained to help people with disabilities, while detection dogs are trained to detect substances.
Between 2005 and 2013, there were 17 fatal dog attacks in the UK.
In the US, there were more than 300 human dog bite-related fatalities between 1979 and 1996, and each year more than 4.5 million people in the US are bitten by dogs.