How Well Do You Know Different Types of Disfluencies?
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Questions and Answers

What is the difference between normal disfluency and stuttering?

  • Normal disfluency is less severe than stuttering
  • Normal disfluency and stuttering are the same thing
  • Normal disfluency is a general term for any disruption in the forward flow of speech, while stuttering is an abnormally high frequency and/or duration of disfluencies in the forward flow of speech (correct)
  • Normal disfluency only occurs in young children, while stuttering only occurs in adults

What are the primary behaviors of stuttering?

  • Phrase repetitions, word repetitions, unfinished words
  • Pausing, revising, interjecting
  • Repetitions, prolongations, blocks (correct)
  • Syllable repetitions, sound repetitions, multi-component

What are the two types of stuttering?

  • Mild and severe
  • Verbal and non-verbal
  • Acquired/neurogenic and psychogenic (correct)
  • Childhood and adult onset

What are some warning signs of stuttering in children?

<p>Prolongations, multiple part-word repetitions, struggle and tension (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are participation restrictions according to the World Health Organization?

<p>Disadvantages that result from reactions to the audible and visible events of a person's stuttering (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between normal disfluencies and stuttering?

<p>Normal disfluencies are typical in young children and fluent speakers, while stuttering is an abnormally high frequency and/or duration of disfluencies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are secondary behaviors in stuttering?

<p>Escape behaviors and avoidance behaviors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the incidence of stuttering and when does it typically onset?

<p>Incidence is around 5-10%, and onset typically occurs between 2 and 4 years of age. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between normal disfluencies and stuttering?

<p>Normal disfluencies are typical in young children and fluent speakers, while stuttering is an abnormally high frequency and/or duration of disfluencies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of stuttering?

<p>Acquired/neurogenic and psychogenic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some warning signs of stuttering in children?

<p>Prolongations, multiple part-word repetitions, struggle and tension, tremors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some challenging speaking situations for people who stutter?

<p>Speaking on the phone, public speaking, speaking to strangers, speaking under time pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of participation restrictions according to the World Health Organization?

<p>The disadvantages that result from reactions to the audible and visible events of a person’s stuttering, include those of the person who stutters (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between normal disfluency and stuttering?

<p>Normal disfluency is a general term for any disruption in the forward flow of speech, while stuttering is an abnormally high frequency and/or duration of disfluencies in the forward flow of speech (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of primary behaviors in stuttering?

<p>Phrase repetitions, prolongations, and blocks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical age of onset for stuttering?

<p>Between 2 and 4 years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some warning signs of stuttering in children?

<p>Prolongations, multiple part-word repetitions, and struggle/tension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are participation restrictions according to the WHO and how do they relate to stuttering?

<p>Disadvantages resulting from reactions to the audible and visible events of a person's stuttering, including those experienced by the person who stutters (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Question 1

<p>What is the goal of fluency shaping therapy and how is it achieved?</p> Signup and view all the answers

Answer 1

<p>The goal of fluency shaping therapy is to increase fluency and slow speaking rate by stretching phonemes, slowing phoneme or syllable transitions, and more frequent pausing. This is achieved by focusing on slower/fuller breathing from the diaphragm and by gently increasing vocal fold tension at the beginning of words.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Question 2

<p>What are the four stages of stuttering modification therapy and what is the goal of each stage?</p> Signup and view all the answers

Answer 2

<p>The four stages of stuttering modification therapy are Identification, Desensitization, Modification, and Stabilization. The goal of each stage is to identify stuttering behaviors, learn to stutter openly and confront fears and avoidances, change how you stutter and do it more easily, and generalize skills to the real world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Question 3

<p>What are the advantages and disadvantages of fluency shaping and stuttering modification therapy?</p> Signup and view all the answers

Answer 3

<p>The advantages of fluency shaping therapy are that a client is able to produce natural-sounding, fluent speech in daily life. The disadvantage is that the speech may initially sound slow and monotonous. The advantages of stuttering modification therapy are more control over and less fear (without avoidances) of stuttering. There are no mentioned disadvantages of stuttering modification therapy in the text.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Question 1

<p>What is the goal of fluency shaping therapy and how is it achieved?</p> Signup and view all the answers

Answer 1

<p>The goal of fluency shaping therapy is to increase fluency and slow speaking rate by stretching phonemes, slowing phoneme or syllable transitions, and more frequent pausing; this is achieved by focusing on slower/fuller breathing from the diaphragm and by gently increasing vocal fold tension at the beginning of words.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Question 2

<p>What are the four stages of stuttering modification therapy and what is the goal of each stage?</p> Signup and view all the answers

Answer 2

<p>The four stages of stuttering modification therapy are: Identification (identifying stuttering behaviors), Desensitization (learn to stutter openly, confront fears and avoidances), Modification (change how you stutter and do it more easily), and Stabilization (generalize skills to the real world). The goal of each stage is to gain more control over stuttering and reduce fear and avoidance behaviors associated with stuttering.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Question 3

<p>What are the advantages and disadvantages of fluency shaping and stuttering modification therapies?</p> Signup and view all the answers

Answer 3

<p>The advantage of fluency shaping therapy is that a client is able to produce natural-sounding, fluent speech in daily life. The disadvantage is that the speech may sound abnormal and monotonous at first. The advantage of stuttering modification therapy is that it gives more control over and less fear (without avoidances) of stuttering. The disadvantage is that it may take longer to achieve natural-sounding speech and may require more effort and practice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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