How Well Do You Know Different Types of Disfluencies?

Normal disfluency is a general term for any disruption in the forward flow of speech, while stuttering is an abnormally high frequency and/or duration of disfluencies in the forward flow of speech

Repetitions, prolongations, blocks

Acquired/neurogenic and psychogenic

Prolongations, multiple part-word repetitions, struggle and tension

Disadvantages that result from reactions to the audible and visible events of a person's stuttering

Normal disfluencies are typical in young children and fluent speakers, while stuttering is an abnormally high frequency and/or duration of disfluencies.

Escape behaviors and avoidance behaviors.

Incidence is around 5-10%, and onset typically occurs between 2 and 4 years of age.

Normal disfluencies are typical in young children and fluent speakers, while stuttering is an abnormally high frequency and/or duration of disfluencies

Acquired/neurogenic and psychogenic

Prolongations, multiple part-word repetitions, struggle and tension, tremors

Speaking on the phone, public speaking, speaking to strangers, speaking under time pressure

The disadvantages that result from reactions to the audible and visible events of a person’s stuttering, include those of the person who stutters

Normal disfluency is a general term for any disruption in the forward flow of speech, while stuttering is an abnormally high frequency and/or duration of disfluencies in the forward flow of speech

Phrase repetitions, prolongations, and blocks

Between 2 and 4 years

Prolongations, multiple part-word repetitions, and struggle/tension

Disadvantages resulting from reactions to the audible and visible events of a person's stuttering, including those experienced by the person who stutters

What is the goal of fluency shaping therapy and how is it achieved?

The goal of fluency shaping therapy is to increase fluency and slow speaking rate by stretching phonemes, slowing phoneme or syllable transitions, and more frequent pausing. This is achieved by focusing on slower/fuller breathing from the diaphragm and by gently increasing vocal fold tension at the beginning of words.

What are the four stages of stuttering modification therapy and what is the goal of each stage?

The four stages of stuttering modification therapy are Identification, Desensitization, Modification, and Stabilization. The goal of each stage is to identify stuttering behaviors, learn to stutter openly and confront fears and avoidances, change how you stutter and do it more easily, and generalize skills to the real world.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of fluency shaping and stuttering modification therapy?

The advantages of fluency shaping therapy are that a client is able to produce natural-sounding, fluent speech in daily life. The disadvantage is that the speech may initially sound slow and monotonous. The advantages of stuttering modification therapy are more control over and less fear (without avoidances) of stuttering. There are no mentioned disadvantages of stuttering modification therapy in the text.

What is the goal of fluency shaping therapy and how is it achieved?

The goal of fluency shaping therapy is to increase fluency and slow speaking rate by stretching phonemes, slowing phoneme or syllable transitions, and more frequent pausing; this is achieved by focusing on slower/fuller breathing from the diaphragm and by gently increasing vocal fold tension at the beginning of words.

What are the four stages of stuttering modification therapy and what is the goal of each stage?

The four stages of stuttering modification therapy are: Identification (identifying stuttering behaviors), Desensitization (learn to stutter openly, confront fears and avoidances), Modification (change how you stutter and do it more easily), and Stabilization (generalize skills to the real world). The goal of each stage is to gain more control over stuttering and reduce fear and avoidance behaviors associated with stuttering.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of fluency shaping and stuttering modification therapies?

The advantage of fluency shaping therapy is that a client is able to produce natural-sounding, fluent speech in daily life. The disadvantage is that the speech may sound abnormal and monotonous at first. The advantage of stuttering modification therapy is that it gives more control over and less fear (without avoidances) of stuttering. The disadvantage is that it may take longer to achieve natural-sounding speech and may require more effort and practice.