Cycle 4 - Video 1 - Smarter Than BPD Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a potential reason why people with BPD may perceive ambiguous facial expressions as threatening?

  • They have deficits in visual memory
  • They have a fear of social interactions
  • They have difficulty generating effective solutions to problems
  • They have differences in how they perceive neutral information (correct)

    • What is Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)?

  • A form of psychiatric illness that has no known cause
  • A form of psychiatric illness that is only found in adults
  • A form of psychiatric illness that is well-studied and understood
  • A form of psychiatric illness that is highly stigmatized and understudied (correct)

    • What is the role of the hippocampus in the brain?

  • Regulation of stress hormones (correct)
  • Emotion regulation
  • Regulation of appetite
  • Regulation of blood pressure

    • What is a potential reason why people with BPD perceive ambiguous facial expressions as threatening?

    <p>They have differences in how they perceive neutral information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect can stress have on the hippocampus?

    <p>It can shrink the hippocampus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the circuit of brain regions involved in emotion perception and regulation that may have lower connectivity in adolescents with higher levels of BPD traits?

    <p>Amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the criteria for diagnosing BPD?

    <p>Meeting five of nine criteria in addition to the general criteria for a personality disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential reason why people with BPD are less accurate at identifying neutral faces compared to relatives and controls?

    <p>They may be hypersensitive to even subtle expressions of emotion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of emotional expressions do people with BPD make more errors in recognizing?

    <p>Highly arousing negative emotional expressions, such as anger and disgust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential reason why people with BPD report feeling less included in social interactions?

    <p>Hypersensitivity to rejection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three core symptom domains of BPD?

    <p>Emotion dysregulation, disturbed relatedness, and behavioral dysregulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential reason why people with BPD tend to have difficulties generating and implementing effective solutions to problems?

    <p>Deficits in visual memory and planning ability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do deficits in visual memory and planning ability in people with BPD lead to?

    <p>Potentially harmful behaviors due to difficulties generating and implementing effective solutions to problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Magnetic Seizure Therapy (MST) used for?

    <p>Reducing suicidal ideation and depression in people with BPD and treatment-resistant depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emotion dysregulation in BPD?

    <p>Wild shifts in emotion and difficulties with anger and emotion regulation strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom exhibited by people with BPD and other personality disorders?

    <p>Disturbed relatedness symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the familial risk associated with BPD?

    <p>BPD is highly heritable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential reason why people with BPD show difficulties with impulse control?

    <p>They show less activation across the prefrontal cortex compared to controls and relatives when asked to inhibit their behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential reason why people with BPD report feeling less included in social interactions?

    <p>Hypersensitivity to rejection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the therapy directed towards helping people regulate their behaviors and emotions that may affect brain activation in people with BPD engaged in self-harm?

    <p>Dialectical behavior therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the insular cortex in BPD?

    <p>It is associated with the subjective experience of emotion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is dialectical behavior therapy?

    <p>A therapy directed towards helping people regulate their behaviors and emotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the amygdala in BPD?

    <p>It is associated with attention to important stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main finding of the study on neural correlates of self-harm and treatment response?

    <p>Self-harm significantly reduced over seven months of treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the group of participants who did not do well with treatment in the study on neural correlates of self-harm versus those who did?

    <p>Yellow group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential implication of understanding the neural correlates of self-harm?

    <p>Personalizing treatment and improving outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential use of identifying patterns of brain activation in the prefrontal cortex related to behavioral dysregulation before engaging in treatment for self-harm?

    <p>To identify the best candidates for treatment and reduce wait times for intensive treatments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex?

    <p>An important brain region in the study of BPD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Understanding Borderline Personality Disorder and Its Neurobiology

    • Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a highly stigmatized and understudied form of psychiatric illness.
    • BPD research is generously supported by the Brain and Behavior Research Foundation and families for BPD research.
    • BPD has a childhood history of trauma or maltreatment and is highly heritable.
    • BPD diagnosis is challenging due to insufficient time for comprehensive assessments and co-occurring psychiatric diagnoses.
    • BPD diagnosis requires meeting five of nine criteria in addition to the general criteria for a personality disorder.
    • BPD has three core symptom domains: emotion dysregulation, disturbed relatedness, and behavioral dysregulation.
    • Emotion dysregulation in BPD refers to wild shifts in emotion and difficulties with anger and emotion regulation strategies.
    • BPD has familial risk and a high prevalence of diagnoses associated with emotion dysregulation, such as major depression and social anxiety disorder.
    • Neurobiology theory suggests that BPD neural systems involved in representing the intensity of emotions might be dysregulated and hypersensitive to emotional experience.
    • Research shows that people with BPD tend to engage in certain emotion regulation strategies that tend not to be very useful in the long run.
    • BPD research is focused on stress and neurobiology, and brain stimulation treatments for suicidal ideation and treatment-resistant depression.
    • BPD research is supported by organizations such as the Brain and Behavior Research Foundation, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Province of Ontario, and the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention.Hypersensitivity to emotions and difficulty regulating emotions are two key features of borderline personality disorder (BPD). People with BPD tend to show higher activation in the insular cortex, which is associated with the subjective experience of emotion. There is less activation in regions associated with the regulation of emotion in people with BPD. Neutral faces may not be truly neutral for people with BPD, as they may perceive emotions in faces that others see as emotionless. People with BPD may have better emotion recognition for subtle expressions and difficulty identifying emotions in highly intense faces. Research has found higher activation in the amygdala, a region associated with attention to important stimuli, in people with BPD when viewing neutral faces. There are no significant differences in brain activation between people with BPD and controls when viewing 50% or highly intense fearful faces. The amygdala may play a role in the perceived importance of neutral faces for people with BPD. The dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex is an important brain region in the study of BPD. BPD is associated with both hyperarousal and hypoarousal of emotions, leading to emotional dysregulation. Further research is needed to understand the neural mechanisms underlying BPD and potential treatments.

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