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Questions and Answers
- The rise of intensive and industrial-type agriculture increases the risk of disease outbreak due to high stocking densities of
animals
- Changing patterns of land use, such as deforestation and irrigation practices, can alter the distribution of
insects
- Climate change can change the distribution and abundance of insect vectors and favour the formation of reservoirs of
pathogens
- Loss of genetic diversity due to inbreeding in animals and plants, or monoculture practices in plants, can lead to reduced resilience of a population to a new
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- Pesticide resistance has emerged due to the overuse of chemicals used to manage macroparasites and weeds on farms, making it harder to manage
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- Increase in the use of aquaculture as marine and freshwater animal populations decrease, which involves the farming of seafood and the use of antimicrobials to control the outbreak of bacterial and fungal
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- No antibiotics are currently registered for use in aquaculture, but there may be pressure to use antibiotics
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Study Notes
Factors contributing to increased risk of infectious disease in Australian agricultural production
- Increased mobility of human populations can introduce both cellular and non-cellular pathogens into Australia.
- Rise of intensive and industrial-type agriculture increases the risk of disease outbreak due to high stocking densities of animals.
- Changing patterns of land use, such as deforestation and irrigation practices, can alter the distribution of insects and bring bats into closer proximity to human and horse populations.
- Climate change can change the distribution and abundance of insect vectors and favour the formation of reservoirs of pathogens.
- Antimicrobial resistance can develop due to the off-label use or overuse of antibiotics on farms, which can be transferred to humans through direct contact with animals, consumption of their meat, or transfer of genes between animal bacteria and human pathogens.
- Antimicrobials are used to prevent the spread of pathogens in intensive farming systems and promote growth in pigs, chickens, and feedlot cattle.
- Pesticide resistance has emerged due to the overuse of chemicals used to manage macroparasites and weeds on farms, making it harder to manage infectious diseases.
- Loss of genetic diversity due to inbreeding in animals and plants, or monoculture practices in plants, can lead to reduced resilience of a population to a new pathogenic threat.
- Increase in "hobby farmers" who may be unaware of the risks of certain animal husbandry practices.
- Increase in the use of aquaculture as marine and freshwater animal populations decrease, which involves the farming of seafood and the use of antimicrobials to control the outbreak of bacterial and fungal diseases.
- Aquaculture species include fish such as salmon, tuna, and barramundi, oysters, abalone, crab, prawns, and lobsters.
- No antibiotics are currently registered for use in aquaculture, but there may be pressure to use antibiotics off-label.
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Description
Ready to test your knowledge on the factors contributing to an increased risk of infectious disease in Australian agricultural production? This quiz will cover the various ways in which human practices and environmental changes can create the perfect breeding ground for pathogens, from the rise of intensive farming to climate change and antimicrobial resistance. Gain a deeper understanding of the risks facing Australia's agricultural industry and the potential consequences for public health. Don't miss out on this informative and thought-provoking quiz!
