How much do you know about telomeres?
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Questions and Answers

What is a telomere?

  • A type of RNA primer
  • A region at the end of chromosomes (correct)
  • A type of DNA polymerase
  • A protein that helps with replication

    • What are telomeres made of?

  • Single-stranded RNA
  • Repetitive sequences of non-coding DNA (correct)
  • Repetitive sequences of coding DNA
  • Proteins

    • When is replication at the chromosome end a problem in somatic cells?

  • Only in the leading strand during replication
  • Always in the lagging strand (correct)
  • Only in the lagging strand during replication
  • Always in the leading strand

    • What removes all the RNA primers during end replication problem in somatic cells?

    <p>RNase H &amp; flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fills the gap created by the removal of RNA primers during end replication problem in somatic cells?

    <p>Polymerase e (epsilon)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can't the gap created at the 5’ end of the lagging strand be filled with DNA by polymerase during end replication problem in somatic cells?

    <p>Absence of primer necessary for the polymerase to synthesize complementary DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the gap created at the 5’ end of the lagging strand during end replication problem in somatic cells result in?

    <p>Permanent gap (overhangs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Can the final gap created at the 5’ end of the lagging strand be filled in germ, stem & cancer cells?

    <p>Yes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are RNase H and FEN1 responsible for during end replication problem in somatic cells?

    <p>Removing all the RNA primers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strand experiences end replication problem during somatic cell division?

    <p>Lagging strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a telomere?

    <p>A region at the end of chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are telomeres made of?

    <p>Repetitive sequences of non-coding DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is replication at the chromosome end a problem in somatic cells?

    <p>Always in the lagging strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What removes all the RNA primers during end replication problem in somatic cells?

    <p>RNase H &amp; flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fills the gap created by the removal of RNA primers during end replication problem in somatic cells?

    <p>Polymerase e (epsilon)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can't the gap created at the 5’ end of the lagging strand be filled with DNA by polymerase during end replication problem in somatic cells?

    <p>Absence of primer necessary for the polymerase to synthesize complementary DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the gap created at the 5’ end of the lagging strand during end replication problem in somatic cells result in?

    <p>Permanent gap (overhangs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Can the final gap created at the 5’ end of the lagging strand be filled in germ, stem & cancer cells?

    <p>Yes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are RNase H and FEN1 responsible for during end replication problem in somatic cells?

    <p>Removing all the RNA primers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strand experiences end replication problem during somatic cell division?

    <p>Lagging strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a telomere?

    <p>A region at the end of chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of telomeres?

    <p>Repetitive sequences of non-coding DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is replication at the chromosome end (telomere) a problem in somatic cells?

    <p>Because of the end replication problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What removes all the RNA primers during end replication problem in somatic cells?

    <p>RNase H &amp; flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fills the gap created by the removal of RNA primers during end replication problem in somatic cells?

    <p>DNA polymerase e (epsilon)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can't the gap created at the 5’ end of the lagging strand be filled with DNA by polymerase during end replication problem in somatic cells?

    <p>Because of the absence of primer necessary for the polymerase to synthesize complementary DNA from the template strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Can the final gap created at the 5’ end of the lagging strand be filled in somatic cells?

    <p>No</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells can fill the final gap created at the 5’ end of the lagging strand?

    <p>Germ, stem &amp; cancer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of telomerase?

    <p>To fill the gap created at the 5’ end of the lagging strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of telomere shortening?

    <p>Cellular senescence and eventual cell death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of telomerase in germ, stem, and cancer cells?

    <p>Telomerase synthesizes telomeric repeat DNA at the end of the lagging strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for the permanent gap (overhangs) in somatic cells?

    <p>The absence of a primer necessary for polymerase to synthesize complementary DNA from the template strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

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