4 Questions
What is the definition of science?
The study of the physical and natural world through observation and experimentation.
True or false:Science is only concerned with the study of the physical world.
False
Who proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection?
Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace
What is the replication crisis?
An ongoing methodological crisis affecting parts of the social and life sciences.
Study Notes
- Science is a systematic endeavor that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe.
- The earliest written records of identifiable predecessors to modern science come from Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia from around 3000 to 1200 BCE.
- After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, knowledge of Greek conceptions of the world deteriorated in Western Europe during the early centuries (400 to 1000 CE) of the Middle Ages.
- The recovery and assimilation of Greek works and Islamic inquiries into Western Europe from the 10th to 13th century revived "natural philosophy", which was later transformed by the Scientific Revolution that began in the 16th century.
- Modern science is typically divided into three major branches: natural sciences, social sciences, and formal sciences.
- Applied sciences are disciplines that use scientific knowledge for practical purposes.
- New knowledge in science is advanced by research from scientists who are motivated by curiosity about the world and a desire to solve problems.
- Contemporary scientific research is highly collaborative and is usually done by teams in academic and research institutions, government agencies, and companies.
- The practical impact of their work has led to the emergence of science policies that seek to influence the scientific enterprise by prioritizing the ethical and moral development of commercial products, armaments, health care, public infrastructure, and environmental protection.
- The word "science" was borrowed from the Anglo-Norman language as the suffix -cience, which was borrowed from the Latin word scientia, meaning "knowledge, awareness, understanding".
- Pliny the Elder wrote the encyclopedia Natural History.
- Indian trade routes likely developed positional notation for numbers.
- Byzantine Empire preserved Greek classical texts and improved prior learning.
- House of Wisdom in Baghdad flourished until Mongol invasions.
- Nicolaus Copernicus formulated heliocentric model of Solar System.
- Johannes Kepler discovered Kepler's laws of planetary motion.
- Galileo made significant contributions to astronomy, physics, and engineering.
- Francis Bacon emphasized the importance of experiment over contemplation.
- Isaac Newton formed the foundation of classical mechanics.
- Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection.
- Science is the study of the physical and natural world through observation and experimentation.
- Modern science is divided into three branches: natural science, social science, and formal science.
- Natural science is the study of the physical world, including life science and physical science.
- Social science is the study of human behavior and society, including anthropology, economics, history, psychology, and sociology.
- Formal science generates knowledge using formal systems, including mathematics, systems theory, and theoretical computer science.
- Applied science uses scientific knowledge to attain practical goals, including engineering and medicine.
- Scientific research involves systematic data collection, experimentation, and analysis to advance knowledge and understanding.
- The development of scientific theories and laws has led to major advances in technology and medicine.
- The 20th century saw major advancements in science, including the discovery of antibiotics, the Human Genome Project, and the rise of information technology.
- Interdisciplinary science involves combining two or more disciplines into one, such as bioinformatics or cognitive science.
- Scientific research can be categorized as basic or applied.
- The scientific method involves objective observation, experimentation, and hypothesis testing.
- Scientific theories are logical, self-consistent models for describing natural events.
- Scientific research is published in scientific journals, which serve as an archival record of science.
- The replication crisis is an ongoing methodological crisis affecting parts of the social and life sciences.
- Pseudoscience and scientific misconduct are issues that can arise in scientific research.
- Different schools of thought in the philosophy of science include empiricism, rationalism, critical rationalism, instrumentalism, and constructive empiricism.
- Thomas Kuhn's theory of paradigms describes how scientific knowledge evolves through paradigm shifts.
- Mathematics and statistics are essential tools in scientific research.
- Intersubjective verifiability is fundamental to the creation of all scientific knowledge.
Test your knowledge of the fascinating world of science with this quiz! From the earliest records of science in ancient civilizations to the modern advancements in technology and medicine, this quiz covers a wide range of topics in science. Learn about the different branches of science, the scientific method, and the importance of interdisciplinary research. You'll also explore key figures in science, such as Galileo, Newton, Darwin, and more. Whether you're a science enthusiast or just curious about the natural world, this quiz is sure
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