How much do you know about Galileo Galilei?

Galileo Galilei was an Italian astronomer, physicist, and engineer born in Pisa in 1564.
He studied speed, velocity, gravity, free fall, and the principle of relativity, among other things.
Galileo made significant contributions to observational astronomy, including confirming the phases of Venus, observing Jupiter's four largest satellites, and analyzing lunar craters and sunspots.
He championed Copernican heliocentrism, which was met with opposition from the Catholic Church and some astronomers.
Galileo's defense of his views in Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems led to his trial by the Inquisition and house arrest for the rest of his life.
He wrote Two New Sciences during his house arrest, summarizing work he had done around forty years earlier.
Galileo's father was a lutenist and composer, and Galileo himself became an accomplished lutenist.
He fathered three children out of wedlock with Marina Gamba, who were accepted into a convent for the rest of their lives.
Galileo studied medicine at the University of Pisa but switched to mathematics and natural philosophy after attending a geometry lecture.
He made significant discoveries in both pure fundamental science and practical applied science during his time teaching at the University of Padua.
Galileo observed and discussed supernovae and disproved the Aristotelian belief in the immutability of the heavens.
Galileo made a refracting telescope with up to 30x magnification and published his initial telescopic astronomical observations in Sidereus Nuncius.
Galileo observed the Moon, deducing the cause of the uneven waning and making topographical charts.
Galileo discovered Jupiter's four largest moons (later renamed Galilean satellites) and saw a practical use for determining the east-west position of ships at sea.
Galileo observed the full set of phases of Venus, causing the Ptolemaic model to become untenable.
Galileo observed Saturn and its rings, mistaking them for planets at first.
Galileo observed Neptune but did not realize it was a planet.
Galileo made naked-eye and telescopic studies of sunspots, which raised difficulties with orthodox Aristotelian celestial physics.
Galileo observed the Milky Way and located many stars too distant to be visible with the naked eye.
Galileo reported that stars appeared as mere blazes of light but later reported that telescopes showed the roundness of stars and their apparent size.
Galileo Galilei was an Italian astronomer, physicist, and mathematician.
He made significant contributions to the development of the scientific method.
He observed the moons of Jupiter and the phases of Venus, supporting the heliocentric model of the solar system.
Galileo developed a method to measure the apparent size of stars without a telescope.
He proposed a theory of tides caused by the sloshing back and forth of water in the seas due to the Earth's rotation and revolution around the Sun.
Galileo became embroiled in a controversy with Father Orazio Grassi over the nature of comets, which escalated into a wider controversy over the nature of science itself.
Galileo defended heliocentrism based on his astronomical observations, but faced opposition from religious and scientific communities.
His writings on heliocentrism were submitted to the Roman Inquisition in 1615, and he went to Rome to defend himself and his ideas.
Monsignor Francesco Ingoli initiated a debate with Galileo, sending him an essay disputing the Copernican system.
Galileo's dispute with Grassi permanently alienated many Jesuits, and he and his friends were convinced that they were responsible for bringing about his later condemnation.
Galileo Galilei was an Italian astronomer, physicist, and mathematician.
He supported the Copernican heliocentric model of the solar system, which placed the Sun at the center.
In 1616, the Inquisition declared heliocentrism to be "foolish and absurd in philosophy".
Galileo was ordered to abandon heliocentrism and not to teach or defend it in any way.
Galileo published the Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems in 1632, which was seen as an attack on the Aristotelian geocentric view.
In 1633, Galileo was charged with heresy and put on trial by the Inquisition.
He was found guilty and sentenced to house arrest for the rest of his life.
Galileo continued to make scientific contributions, particularly in the science of motion.
He was buried in a small room in the Basilica of Santa Croce due to his condemnation by the Catholic Church.
Galileo believed that the laws of nature are mathematical and his work marked a major development in human thought.