sw 汇总

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of these fields is not a section recognized as part of an HTTP request or response?

Message body
Header fields
Data type (correct)
Start line

In the context of web architecture, what does a URI scheme specify?

The physical location of the server.
The encryption method used for data transfer.
The format of the document.
The type of URI and the associated protocol. (correct)

Which of the following best describes the role of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)?

It coordinates the development of web browsers and HTML standards.
It manages the allocation of IP addresses and domain names.
It enforces net neutrality and prevents anticompetitive practices.
It hosts the Internet Society and provides a forum for developing Internet technology specifications. (correct)

What is the main function of the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)?

Governing the Internet through managing domain names and IP addresses. (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to Postel's Robustness Principle, how should Internet systems behave when sending and receiving data?

Strict in what they send and liberal in what they accept. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key characteristic of HTTP that necessitates session management techniques like cookies?

It is stateless. (D) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the Semantic Web, what is the purpose of Linked Data?

To create relationships between different sets of data, enabling machines to explore the web of data. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key feature of Tim Berners-Lee's vision for the Semantic Web?

Enabling machines to analyze and make sense of web content. (C) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of information architecture, what is the primary difference between a hierarchical structure and network structure for representing information?

Hierarchical structures organize information in a tree-like structure, whereas network structures allow for more complex interconnections. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 'Network Effect,' often associated with Metcalfe's Law, in the context of the Internet and the Web?

It explains that the value of a network increases with the square of the number of users. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the Linked Data principles specifically encourages data providers to use URIs as names for things?

Use URIs as names (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to the principles of Linked Data, what should happen when someone dereferences an HTTP URI?

The server should provide useful information about the resource, using standards like RDF and SPARQL. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for Linked Data to include links to other URIs?

To enable machines to discover more things and create a web of data. (D) Signup and view all the answers

In RDF, what is the role of a 'literal'?

To represent concrete data values, such as strings or numbers. (A) Signup and view all the answers

In RDF, what is the purpose of a 'blank node'?

To represent resources that are identified within a file but not globally addressable. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following RDF serialization formats is known for its terse and human-readable syntax?

Turtle (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for using CURIEs (Compact URIs) in RDF?

To abbreviate URIs and make RDF code more readable. (A) Signup and view all the answers

In Turtle syntax, what is the purpose of the `@prefix` keyword?

To declare prefixes for CURIEs. (C) Signup and view all the answers

In Turtle, what does the character sequence `^^xsd:integer` indicate?

A data type for literal values. (A) Signup and view all the answers

In RDF, what is the purpose of language tags, such as `@en` or `@fr`?

Denote the language of the text in the literal. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym JSON-LD stand for?

JavaScript Object Notation for Linked Data (C) Signup and view all the answers

All of these are key design goals in JSON_LD EXCEPT:

Exclusivity (D) Signup and view all the answers

In JSON-LD, what does the `@context` keyword specify?

Term-to-IRI mappings which associate properties with IRIs, defining term associations (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are SPARQL endpoints used for?

To execute SPARQL queries. (A) Signup and view all the answers

In SPARQL, what is the purpose of the `FROM` keyword?

To specify the RDF dataset to query. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a 'triple pattern' building block of SPARQL queries used to describe?

A subgraph with specific variables in subject-predicate-object positions. (A) Signup and view all the answers

If there are no blank nodes, what is the result of the merging process?

The new graph is a union of the properties (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common use of the filter keyword in SPARQL queries?

To restrict the results based on the values of variables. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a hash URI and a slash URI?

For hash URI, dereferencing returns the URI, while for slash URIs dereferencing returns the dataset behind the URI (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to the material, which statement is NOT true?

RFC 7230 defines the World Wide Web. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the `rdfs:domain` property in RDF Schema?

It restricts the types of resources that are valid as the subject of a property. (D) Signup and view all the answers

In RDF Schema, what does the rdfs:range property specify?

The class or datatype of the object of a property. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the statement `:ex rdfs:subPropertyOf :ey`?

To assert that all things related by :ex are also related to :ey, expressing a subclass (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does framing (of thought) by Otlet refer to?

The notion of being able to take pictures of reality (C) Signup and view all the answers

What role did Paul Otlet have in the development of linked data?

Otlet's system has inspired the Semantic Web to relate resources and information about them. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an accurate definition for a 'Resource' appropriate in the context of designing a Semantic Web?

An abstract concept that is either abstract or concrete, physical or virtual. It can have a URI. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of selecting `DISTINCT` in a SPARQL query?

To remove duplicate results from appearing. (B) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of SPARQL query processing, what is a solution mapping?

A function that binds variables to RDF terms. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of RDF Datasets?

To store and access different RDF Graphs locally. (B) Signup and view all the answers

In the design of a data model, what is a key difference in how OWL and RDFS are used?

OWL models provide expressive modelling constraints; RDFs are generic. (D) Signup and view all the answers

The evaluation of a query has these parts except:

Finding all available SPARQL end points (B) Signup and view all the answers

What do URIs and literals label?

Nodes and Edges (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of data models in the context of Semantic Web technologies?

They describe the objects contained in a database and their relationships. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of structured data models?

They employ a rigid table structure with predefined rows and columns. (A) Signup and view all the answers

In semi-structured data models, what distinguishes Resource Description Framework (RDF) from XML?

RDF uses labeled nodes and edges, while XML relies on structural elements (A) Signup and view all the answers

How do unstructured data models, such as BLOBs, differ from structured models in terms of database system recognition?

Unstructured models have an unrecognizable internal structure for the database system. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with suggesting the Relational Model, which is based on sets?

Edgar F. Codd (A) Signup and view all the answers

What article did Tim Berners-Lee, James Hendler, and Ora Lassila co-author that discussed The Semantic Web?

"The Semantic Web" (B) Signup and view all the answers

What key challenge in information retrieval is addressed by the evolution of the World Wide Web to the Semantic Web?

Enabling more advanced data analysis. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary components used to represent data in the Semantic Web, facilitating structured knowledge representation?

Triples. (B) Signup and view all the answers

SPARQL is described as being a query language for triples. As the text has described it, what is SPARQL's primary purpose?

To retrieve and manipulate data stored in RDF format (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the key technology components of the Semantic Web?

RDF, Ontologies, and SPARQL (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to the first of the Linked Data Principles, URIs primarily serve what function?

Naming things (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately contrasts information resources and other resources in the context of designing a Semantic Web?

Other Resources are the base and Information Resources are about the base. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of datatypes in RDF literals?

To define the data's domain. (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to the content provided, what is the primary purpose of IANA?

Manages the internet domain name system (C) Signup and view all the answers

In Turtle syntax, which character is used to define a simple RDF triple form, RDF-N-Triples?

. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of CURIEs in Semantic Web technologies?

They expand into full URIs. (C) Signup and view all the answers

If the user-agent has a preference about the content-file request, what header must the user-agent accept?

Accept header. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of the HTTP protocol being 'stateless' on web applications?

Each request is treated independently. (A) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of RDF, what does a 'blank node' signify?

The existence of resource within the context of the file. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Within the structure of URIs (Uniform Resource Identifiers, what does the authority section contain?

The hostname and optional port number. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of the Semantic Web when applied to database technologies?

It makes data readable by both humans and machines. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key insight of Metcalfe's Law, as described in the text?

The value of networks is tied directly to quantity of users. (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to the Four Linked Data rules, what type of URI should allow people to 'look up those names?'

HTTP URI (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the Semantic Web approach differ from traditional methods of handling information?

Transforms the Web from being based on documents to being based on data. (B) Signup and view all the answers

In the evolution of Web technologies, which advancement is associated with Tim Berners-Lee?

World Wide Web (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific reason cited for why XML itself does facilitate more effective machine processing of documents compared to HTML?

XML requires stricter syntactic rules. (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to the material given, why would one implement HTTP redirects?

As it is a part of content negotiation. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role delegated to the W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) in the evolution of the Semantic Web as described in the text?

Standardisation (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to the given material, if there is no information, but an intent for the object.

A blank node (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which data serialization format is widely used in the semantic and linked web?

RDF/XML (A) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Semantic Web data modeling, what is the purpose of defining and using vocabularies?

To establish a shared understanding and meaning of data elements. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of 'rdfs:subClassOf' in RDF Schema?

It specifies that one class is a specialization of another. (D) Signup and view all the answers

When modeling data using RDFS, what is achieved by defining 'rdfs:domain' and 'rdfs:range' for a property?

It restricts the types of resources that can be linked by the given property. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between data modeled using RDFS and the same data represented in XML?

RDFS provides a means to define relationships with specific semantics, enhancing machine interpretability. (C) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of RDF and RDFS, what is the significance of language tags (like `@en` or `@fr`) when used with literals?

They indicate the natural language of the literal value. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary goal of the Resource Description Framework (RDF)?

To formally encode semantics in a machine-understandable manner. (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to the Linked Data principles, what should happen when an HTTP URI is 'dereferenced'?

It should provide useful information about the resource, using standards like RDF or SPARQL. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using blank nodes in RDF?

To represent resources without globally unique identifiers within a specific context. (D) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of web architecture and the Semantic Web, how do 'hash URIs' help in distinguishing between resources and information resources?

Hash URIs identify a specific part of a document describing a real-world object, not the object itself. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) in Semantic Web technologies?

To define and promote standard technologies and guidelines for the Web. (D) Signup and view all the answers

The slide describes that if information, but an intent for the object is missing, what steps should be taken?

Create a blank node. (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to the material on the Semantic Web, what is the significance of URIs?

They are unique identifiers for resources, enabling linking and data integration. (A) Signup and view all the answers

When transitioning from the traditional World Wide Web to the Semantic Web, which of the following advancements is most emphasized?

The organization and connection of data rather than just documents. (B) Signup and view all the answers

When evaluating a SPARQL query that involves conditions, which step must precede the process?

Translating the SPARQL query into an algebra expression. (A) Signup and view all the answers

In SPARQL, what is the main purpose of the `FILTER` keyword?

To restrict possible query solutions based on specific conditions. (B) Signup and view all the answers

In a SPARQL query, which part specifies the sources for the data that will be queried?

FROM (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects the significance of the 'isDefinedBy' property in Semantic Web technologies?

It relates a resource to a document defining its meaning. (C) Signup and view all the answers

If you want a SPARQL query to return results without any duplicates, which keyword should be included?

DISTINCT (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which concept from frame logic relates to a daemon?

The slot value. (B) Signup and view all the answers

If someone has described a triple in SPARQL, SUBJECT->PREDICATE->[BLANK NODE], and it represents the action of knowing someone, and only the OBJECT has the blank node, what does this imply?

There is intent for the second object, but not necessarily an external id. (C) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of RDF semantics, what makes a graph 'unsatisfiable' or 'inconsistent'?

It has no interpretation that makes all its triples true. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of introducing a 'blank node assignment' when interpreting RDF graphs?

To handle graphs with blank nodes by mapping these nodes to resources. (A) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of D-Interpretations, what is the role of the L2V function?

It converts lexical forms to value space elements (D) Signup and view all the answers

What condition makes a D-interpretation of an RDF graph 'D-inconsistent'?

When it includes a literal with a datatype for which no L2V mapping is possible. (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to semantic conditions for RDF Interpretations, under what specific condition is the URI considered to not be disjoint?

If it is included as an axiom in RDF interpretation. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How do RDF interpretations address handling blank nodes and datatypes?

By using a blank node assignment to map blank nodes to resources and consistently handling datatyped literals. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of semantic conditions in RDF Interpretations related to RDF properties?

To define whether a resource is the property of RDF. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why might a graph be considered RDF-inconsistent based on datatypes?

Because it assigns a resource to multiple disjoint datatype. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between a model, a graph and satisfiability?

Satisfiability means given the interpretation of the language, the graph is true. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of entailment in the context of graphs?

Entailment relation between two graphs G and E. (C) Signup and view all the answers

The following RDF triples are defined, `:GermanShepherd rdfs:subClassOf :Dog`, `:Dog rdfs:subClassOf :Animal`. What new triples can be inferred based on this?

<code> :GermanShepherd rdfs:subClassOf :Animal.</code> (A) Signup and view all the answers

When talking about capturing the meaning of information on the Semantic Web, which strategy is emphasized?

Defining meaning by describing interactions with other pieces of information (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which best describes the layered entailment?

A structure used to apply constraints to triples including D-Entailment, RDFS-Entailment, and RDF entailment. (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to Gruber's definition used in computer science, what is an ontology?

A formal specification of a shared conceptualization (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental purpose of ontology languages in the context of the Semantic Web?

To provide shareable, declarative, and computable semantics. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the Semantic Web technique for specifying how triples from RDF and RDFS vocabularies should be derived?

Entailment (D) Signup and view all the answers

In RDF-based Semantic Web technologies, datatypes are primarilly used to describe ____.

The range of values that RDF literals can take. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most accurate definition of semantics?

Syntax: How statements are constructed, Semantics: What the statements mean. (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to the 'Karl Popper: Logik der Forschung, 1935' how does science build?

A structure whose pillars sink from above into the swamp (A) Signup and view all the answers

In ways to define A Logical Language, what can be used to know if the premises support?

Proof-theoretic Definition. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does OWL stand for?

Web Ontology Language. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a suitable language for describing simple ontologies?

RDF Schema (A) Signup and view all the answers

The head of an OWL document defines the root Turtle Syntax.

The namespaces. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Regarding OWL documents, what syntax format should be provided when using it to publish ontologies?

OWL/XML (C) Signup and view all the answers

In OWL, What term describes associations between two individuals?

Roles (B) Signup and view all the answers

If one has defined `:Professor rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :FacultyStaff .` and `:FacultyStaff rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person .` What can one infer?

:Professor is a :Person (D) Signup and view all the answers

In OWL, which type does RDF apply to?

Roles (D) Signup and view all the answers

Within the RDF model as used by OWL, what does the term Literal refer to?

A basic value including a string or number. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which construct in OWL is used to denote elements that can be organized like taxonomies?

Classes. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct Turtle Syntax for the 'Individuals' section?

<code> Einstein rdf:type :Professor.</code> (B) Signup and view all the answers

What term accurately describes a collection in OWL?

It lists the elements to create an enumeration. (C) Signup and view all the answers

In Semantic Web technologies, how does OWL extend the capabilities of RDF Schema (RDFS)?

By providing logical constructs for class constructors such as intersection, union, and complement. (C) Signup and view all the answers

If the intention for the name of 2 things is different, and a triple is added into the system that states that two things are the same, it is called what?

Unsatisfiable. (D) Signup and view all the answers

To handle RDF graphs containing blank nodes, we introduce a mapping A, called blank node assignment. When this occurs, what else can be done?

Mapping blank nodes to resources in the universe (B) Signup and view all the answers

How are axiomatic triples in RDF defined?

They have to be true in any RDF interpretation and contain the container . (C) Signup and view all the answers

In RDF and RDFS, what are vocabulary terms particularly significant for?

To provide and considered axiomatic triples. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in fixpoint computation?

To Add to S all the RDF (and RDFS) axiomatic triples which do not container. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of entailment patterns for RDF and RDFS?

Enables tools to use syntactic substitution to determine triple implication by RDF and RDFS entailment. (C) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of defining a logical language for the Semantic Web, which aspect does 'semantics' primarily address?

The intended meaning and interpretation of RDF statements. (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to Karl Popper's view on the empirical basis of science, how does scientific knowledge primarily advance?

By building bold theoretical constructions over a less certain, swamp-like base. (D) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of RDF and RDFS semantics, what is the primary purpose of 'inference'?

To automatically discover new relationships and facts implied by existing RDF triples. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Consider the RDF triples: `:Dog rdfs:subClassOf :Animal.` and `:GermanShepherd rdfs:subClassOf :Dog.`. What new triple can be logically inferred using RDFS entailment?

<code>GermanShepherd rdfs:subClassOf :Animal .</code> (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key motivation for having formal semantics in Semantic Web technologies?

To enable automated reasoning and consistent interpretation of semantic web data. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of 'blank node assignment' in simple interpretations of RDF graphs that contain blank nodes?

To map blank nodes to resources in the universe of interpretation. (C) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of D-Interpretations, what is the purpose of the Lexical-to-Value mapping (L2V) function?

To map literals from their lexical representation to their actual values based on datatypes. (A) Signup and view all the answers

In RDF Interpretations, what is a key consideration regarding the RDF vocabulary terms like `rdf:type`, `rdf:Property`, `rdf:List`?

They are considered to have a fixed, axiomatic meaning that must be true in any RDF interpretation. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why might an RDF graph be considered 'RDF-inconsistent'?

If it assigns disjoint XSD base datatypes to the same resource via <code>rdf:type</code>. (C) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of entailment, what does it mean for a graph G to entail another graph E?

Every interpretation that satisfies G also satisfies E. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key limitation of using model-theoretic definitions for entailment in RDF graphs for computational purposes?

Model-theoretic definitions are not constructive, meaning there's no direct algorithm derived from them to compute entailments. (D) Signup and view all the answers

In RDF entailment patterns, variables are often denoted with a '?' as in SPARQL. What is the purpose of these variables?

To denote parts of the triple that can be substituted with values to apply the entailment rule. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Consider the RDFS entailment pattern rdfs2: If `?p rdfs:domain ?x .` and `?y ?p ?z .` Then `?y rdf:type ?x .`. Given `:worksAt rdfs:domain :Organization.` and `:Employee1 :worksAt :CompanyA.`, what triple is inferred?

<code>Employee1 rdf:type Organization .</code> (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a 'fixpoint computation method' in the context of RDF and RDFS entailment?

To compute the entailment closure of an RDF graph by iteratively applying entailment rules. (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to Gruber's definition in computer science, what is an 'ontology'?

A formal specification of a shared conceptualization of a domain of interest. (A) Signup and view all the answers

For describing simple ontologies, RDF Schema (RDFS) is often considered:

Suitable, and advantageous due to relatively efficient automatic inference. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does OWL (Web Ontology Language) extend beyond RDF Schema in terms of ontology modeling?

It adds richer constructs for describing classes, properties, and individuals, enabling more complex logical reasoning. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a typical syntax format for OWL documents?

JSON-LD (A) Signup and view all the answers

In OWL, what is the purpose of 'Roles' (Object Properties and Datatype Properties)?

To establish binary relations between individuals or between individuals and datatypes. (C) Signup and view all the answers

If we define `:Professor rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :FacultyStaff .` and `:FacultyStaff rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person .`, what can be inferred about `:Professor`?

<code>Professor rdfs:subClassOf :Person .</code> (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of `owl:equivalentClass` in OWL?

To state that two classes have the exact same set of members. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the entailment when you assert `:Book rdfs:subClassOf :Publication .` and `:Publication owl:equivalentClass :Publications .`?

<code>Book rdfs:subClassOf :Publications .</code> (B) Signup and view all the answers

In OWL, what is the purpose of `owl:disjointWith`?

To declare that two classes have no members in common. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of `owl:inverseOf` in OWL property definitions?

To indicate that two properties are inverse relations of each other. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of Role Property in OWL?

Compositionality (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does `owl:sameAs` indicate in OWL when relating two individuals?

That two individuals refer to the same entity in the real world. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of 'Logical class constructors' like `owl:intersectionOf`, `owl:unionOf`, and `owl:complementOf` in OWL?

To create complex classes from simpler classes using logical operations. (A) Signup and view all the answers

In OWL, the property `owl:allValuesFrom` is used in role limitations. What does it specify?

That all values for a given property must come from a specified class. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of 'OWL 2 Profiles' like OWL QL, EL, and RL?

They are sub-languages of OWL 2 designed to offer different trade-offs between expressiveness and computational efficiency. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following Description Logics (DLs) is considered the 'most simple propositionally closed' DL?

ALC (Attributive Language with Complement) (B) Signup and view all the answers

In Description Logics (DLs), what is the role of the 'TBox'?

To define terminological axioms about concepts and their relationships. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Tableau Reasoning' in the context of Description Logics (DLs)?

A proof procedure used to determine satisfiability of concepts by attempting to construct a model. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following assumptions is characteristic of 'Closed World Assumption' (CWA) in databases?

Information not explicitly stated in the database is assumed to be false. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does the 'Open World Assumption' (OWA), in contrast to the Closed World Assumption, influence data interpretation in Semantic Web technologies?

OWA allows for uncertainty and the possibility of additional information that may change current conclusions. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of SHACL (Shapes Constraint Language)?

To validate RDF data against a set of defined shapes and constraints. (A) Signup and view all the answers

In SHACL, what does a 'Shape' primarily define?

The expected structure and constraints for RDF nodes. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of 'Target Declarations' (like `sh:targetClass`, `sh:targetNode`) in SHACL shapes?

To specify which nodes in an RDF graph the shape is intended to validate. (D) Signup and view all the answers

In SHACL, what does the property `sh:closed true;` signify in a Node Shape?

That only the properties explicitly mentioned in the shape expression are allowed for target nodes. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the 'FAIR' data principles?

Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable. (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to the FAIR principles, what does 'Interoperable' primarily refer to?

Data should use vocabularies and languages that are broadly applicable and shared, to allow for data exchange and integration. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is DCAT (Data Catalog Vocabulary) primarily used for?

To facilitate interoperability between data catalogs published on the Web. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a 'Data Space' in the context of Semantic Web and data management?

A decentralized infrastructure for trustworthy data sharing and exchange, based on commonly agreed principles. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of 'Provenance' in the context of Semantic Web and data management?

To track the origins and processes involved in the creation and derivation of data, enhancing trust and reproducibility. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which W3C standard is specifically designed for representing provenance information on the Web?

PROV (C) Signup and view all the answers

In the PROV ontology, what does the class 'Activity' represent?

Something that occurs over a period of time and acts upon entities. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What broader perspective on data meaning does the Semantic Web emphasize?

Capturing meaning through structured interactions and effects. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does entailment relate two graphs?

A graph G entails another graph E if every interpretation that satisfies G also satisfies E. (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to the 'Karl Popper: Logik der Forschung, 1935' how does science describe the empirical basis of objective science?

Science is nothing absolute and is rather a swamp. (D) Signup and view all the answers

If you want to know if the premises support in ways to define A Logical Language, which of these methods can be used?

Model-theoretic definition for statements in language. (A) Signup and view all the answers

In OWL, what is the root for defining namespaces?

Turtle Syntax (C) Signup and view all the answers

What role do 'Roles' play in OWL (Object Properties and Datatype Properties)?

Define binary relations between two individuals, or between individuals and datatypes. (D) Signup and view all the answers

In OWL, you define `:Professor rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :FacultyStaff .` and `:FacultyStaff rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Person .` What can you infer from this?

<code>Professor</code> is a subclass of <code>:Person</code>. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does `owl:sameAs` do in OWL when relating two individuals?

Indicates that two individuals refer to the same real-world entity. (A) Signup and view all the answers

If one defines `:Book rdfs:subClassOf :Publication .` and `:Publication owl:equivalentClass :Publications .` what is the implication (entailment)?

<code>Book rdfs:subClassOf :Publications</code> (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most-simple propositionally closed Description Logics (DLs)?

ALC (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is usually the goal of SHACL (Shapes Constraint Language)?

To validate RDF data (C) Signup and view all the answers

In SHACL, what is the use of 'Target Declarations' (like `sh:targetClass`, `sh:targetNode`) in SHACL shapes?

They specify the nodes to which a shape applies. (B) Signup and view all the answers

In Semantic Web terminology, what is 'Interoperable', according to the FAIR principles?

Data needs to use controlled vocabularies and ontologies. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary use case for DCAT (Data Catalog Vocabulary)?

Describing datasets in data catalogs. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of 'Provenance' in the setting of Semantic Web?

Describe the origins and history of data. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What kind of information is NOT included in prov?

Role Functionality (A) Signup and view all the answers

Within the PROV ontology what does the class 'Activity' mean?

Something that occurs over a period of time and acts upon entities. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is a Memex?

A device where an individual stores all books, records and communications.

Augmenting Human Intellect

A device in which we mean increasing the capability of a man to approach a complex problem situation, to gain comprehension to suit his particular needs, and to derive solutions to problems.