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Questions and Answers
What is the maximum number of terms a member of the House of Representatives can serve consecutively?
What is the maximum number of terms a member of the House of Representatives can serve consecutively?
What is NOT a qualification for becoming a member of the House of Representatives?
What is NOT a qualification for becoming a member of the House of Representatives?
Which of the following correctly describes a Party-list Representative?
Which of the following correctly describes a Party-list Representative?
To be considered a registered voter, which condition must be met?
To be considered a registered voter, which condition must be met?
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Which of the following describes the concept of domicile?
Which of the following describes the concept of domicile?
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If a person wishes to change their domicile, which is NOT a requisite?
If a person wishes to change their domicile, which is NOT a requisite?
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Regular elections for Senators and Members of the House of Representatives are typically held on which date?
Regular elections for Senators and Members of the House of Representatives are typically held on which date?
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What is the minimum residency requirement to qualify as a member of the House of Representatives?
What is the minimum residency requirement to qualify as a member of the House of Representatives?
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What is the primary purpose of calling a special election in the Senate or House of Representatives?
What is the primary purpose of calling a special election in the Senate or House of Representatives?
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Which statement about legislative salaries is correct?
Which statement about legislative salaries is correct?
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What does the Speech and Debate Clause protect?
What does the Speech and Debate Clause protect?
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Why are Senators and Members prohibited from appearing as counsel before courts during their term?
Why are Senators and Members prohibited from appearing as counsel before courts during their term?
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What happens to a legislator’s seat if they hold another government office during their term?
What happens to a legislator’s seat if they hold another government office during their term?
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What restrictions are placed on legislators regarding financial interests?
What restrictions are placed on legislators regarding financial interests?
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What is a consequence if a member’s office salary was increased during their term?
What is a consequence if a member’s office salary was increased during their term?
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What does the term 'Pork Barrel System' refer to in the context of legislative privileges?
What does the term 'Pork Barrel System' refer to in the context of legislative privileges?
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What happens if the President-elect dies or becomes permanently disabled before the beginning of the term?
What happens if the President-elect dies or becomes permanently disabled before the beginning of the term?
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Who acts as President if both the President and Vice-President have not been chosen or have both died?
Who acts as President if both the President and Vice-President have not been chosen or have both died?
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When does Congress convene after a vacancy occurs in the offices of President and Vice-President?
When does Congress convene after a vacancy occurs in the offices of President and Vice-President?
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What is the time frame for holding a special election after a vacancy in the presidency?
What is the time frame for holding a special election after a vacancy in the presidency?
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What must happen if a vacancy in the presidency or vice presidency occurs fifteen months before the next presidential election?
What must happen if a vacancy in the presidency or vice presidency occurs fifteen months before the next presidential election?
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What should be enacted by Congress within ten days after a vacancy occurs?
What should be enacted by Congress within ten days after a vacancy occurs?
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What is the total time frame for canvassing by Congress after a vacancy occurs?
What is the total time frame for canvassing by Congress after a vacancy occurs?
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What exemptions apply to appropriations for the special election?
What exemptions apply to appropriations for the special election?
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Which of the following is NOT a qualification for the President of the Philippines?
Which of the following is NOT a qualification for the President of the Philippines?
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What is the term of office for the President of the Philippines?
What is the term of office for the President of the Philippines?
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What distinguishes the term of office from the tenure of office?
What distinguishes the term of office from the tenure of office?
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What type of cases fall under the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court?
What type of cases fall under the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court?
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Under what circumstances can the Supreme Court modify or reverse a court's decision?
Under what circumstances can the Supreme Court modify or reverse a court's decision?
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Which of the following is NOT a power of the Supreme Court according to Section 5, Article VIII?
Which of the following is NOT a power of the Supreme Court according to Section 5, Article VIII?
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Which scenario could allow citizens to challenge the validity of a governmental proclamation?
Which scenario could allow citizens to challenge the validity of a governmental proclamation?
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What is the maximum duration a lower court judge can be temporarily reassigned without their consent?
What is the maximum duration a lower court judge can be temporarily reassigned without their consent?
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In which type of case does the Supreme Court have the power to review final judgments?
In which type of case does the Supreme Court have the power to review final judgments?
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What is required for the Supreme Court to hear a case en banc?
What is required for the Supreme Court to hear a case en banc?
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For which of the following can the Supreme Court NOT be involved?
For which of the following can the Supreme Court NOT be involved?
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Which of the following is NOT a qualification required to be President of the Philippines?
Which of the following is NOT a qualification required to be President of the Philippines?
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What is the term of office for the President of the Philippines?
What is the term of office for the President of the Philippines?
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Which statement accurately distinguishes between 'term of office' and 'tenure of office'?
Which statement accurately distinguishes between 'term of office' and 'tenure of office'?
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What is the purpose of the oath taken by the President, Vice President, or Acting President?
What is the purpose of the oath taken by the President, Vice President, or Acting President?
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Which of the following correctly states the conditions for the Vice President?
Which of the following correctly states the conditions for the Vice President?
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What is specifically stated about the oath taken by the President or Vice President?
What is specifically stated about the oath taken by the President or Vice President?
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What happens if the President-elect does not take the oath before assuming office?
What happens if the President-elect does not take the oath before assuming office?
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What is a key difference between the qualifications of the President and the Vice President?
What is a key difference between the qualifications of the President and the Vice President?
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Study Notes
House of Representatives
- The House of Representatives has a maximum of 250 members, consisting of District Representatives and Party-list Representatives.
- To be a Representative, one must be a natural-born citizen, at least 25 years old, able to read and write, a registered voter in the district, and a resident of the Philippines for at least 1 year before the election.
- Representatives serve a 3 year term with a limit of 3 consecutive terms.
Residence and Domicile
- Registered voters are individuals who meet all qualifications and none of the disqualifications provided by law, and are registered in the list of voters.
- Residence refers to the place of one's true permanent home, where they intend to return when absent.
- Domicile is the place of habitual residence.
- To acquire a new domicile, one must demonstrate bodily presence with the intent to stay and no intent to return.
- Changing domicile requires an actual change, bona fide intent to abandon the previous place, and actions that correspond with the intended purpose.
Types of Representatives
- District Representatives are elected from specific legislative districts allocated to provinces, cities, and Metro Manila.
- Party-list Representatives constitute 20% of the total representatives. They are elected through a party-list system involving registered national, regional, and sectoral parties or organizations.
Congressional Elections
- Regular elections for Senators and Representatives occur on the second Monday of May unless specified otherwise.
- Special elections are held to fill vacancies in the Senate or the House of Representatives. The elected individual serves only the remaining portion of the unexpired term.
Legislative Privileges, Inhibitions, and Disqualifications
- Senators and Representatives have a privilege of freedom from arrest for non-bailable offenses while Congress is in session.
- The Speech and Debate Clause protects members from being questioned for any speech or debate in Congress or its committees, for any offense punishable by imprisonment not exceeding six years.
- They are prohibited from holding other government offices or appointments during their term, including those created or whose emoluments were increased during their term.
- Members cannot appear as counsel before any court, electoral tribunal, quasi-judicial, or administrative bodies during their term.
- They are limited in engaging in financial contracts with the government and are barred from intervening in matters that could benefit them financially during their term.
President and Vice-President
- The President and Vice-President share the same qualifications, including natural-born citizenship, registered voter status, literacy, age of at least 40, and at least 10 years of Philippine residency.
- Both serve a 6-year term starting at noon on June 30th following the election, ending at noon six years later.
- The Vice-President can be appointed to the Cabinet without confirmation.
Term of Office vs. Tenure
- Term of Office is the period an officer has the right to hold office.
- Tenure of Office refers to the actual period an individual occupies the office.
- Right to Hold Office is the legal claim to utilize the office's powers and responsibilities.
- Office is an institutional unit of government, while term pertains to the duration of service for an individual within that office.
Presidential Oath
- Before assuming office, the President, Vice-President, or Acting President must take an oath to uphold the Constitution, execute laws, and serve the nation.
Presidential Vacancy
- If the President-elect dies or becomes permanently disabled before assuming office, the Vice-President-elect becomes President.
- If both the President and Vice-President die or become permanently disabled, the President of the Senate or, if unable, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, acts as President until a new President or Vice-President qualifies.
- When a vacancy occurs in the offices of the President and Vice-President, the Congress convenes within three days. Within seven days, they must enact a law calling for a special election to fill the vacancies, with the election held within 45-60 days from the call.
- If a vacancy occurs within 18 months before the next presidential election, a special election is not called.
- When the Vice-President's position becomes vacant, the President nominates a replacement who is confirmed by the Congress.
Supreme Court
- The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction over cases involving ambassadors, public ministers, consuls, and petitions for certiorari, prohibition, mandamus, quo warranto, and habeas corpus.
- The court reviews, revises, reverses, modifies, or affirms final judgments and order of lower courts in cases involving constitutional issues, tax legality, jurisdictional disputes, criminal cases with reclusion perpetua or higher penalties, and cases solely involving questions of law.
- The Supreme Court can temporarily transfer judges of lower courts to other stations for a maximum of six months without their consent.
- The court can order a change of venue to prevent a miscarriage of justice.
- The Supreme Court can also promulgate rules concerning the protection and enforcement of constitutional rights, pleading, practice, and procedure in all courts, as well as rules for admission to the bar, the Integrated Bar, and legal assistance to the underprivileged.
- The court can appoint its officials and personnel, and can also discipline, suspend, or remove judges of lower courts for serious misconduct.
- Finally, the Supreme Court can promulgate its own rules concerning its internal administration.
Key Functions of the Supreme Court
- Judicial Review: The Supreme Court can declare any law, proclamation, order, instruction, ordinance, or regulation unconstitutional or invalid.
- Final Arbiter: The Supreme Court serves as the final arbiter in cases involving constitutional issues, tax legality, jurisdictional disputes, criminal cases with high penalties, and legal questions.
- Rule-making Authority: The court can promulgate rules for all courts, the bar, and legal aid.
- Disciplinary Power: The Supreme Court can discipline or remove judges of lower courts.
- Internal Administration: The court can issue its own rules for its internal management.
Key Powers of the Supreme Court
- Original Jurisdiction: The Supreme Court is the first to hear these cases - cases involving ambassadors, public ministers, consuls, and petitions for certiorari, prohibition, mandamus, quo warranto, and habeas corpus.
- Appellate Jurisdiction: Cases from lower courts come to the Supreme Court for review.
- Judicial Review: The power to declare governmental actions unconstitutional.
- Rule-making Authority: Creates rules for the judicial system, including those for the bar, legal aid, and procedures.
- Disciplinary Power: The power to discipline or remove judges of lower courts.
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Description
This quiz covers essential information about the House of Representatives, focusing on its members, qualifications, and terms. It also explores concepts related to residence and domicile, particularly in the context of voter registration. Test your understanding of these crucial topics in Philippine governance.
