Untitled Quiz

Protection, temperature regulation, sensation, and metabolism are the key roles of the integumentary system

The outermost layer of skin, composed of several layers of epithelial cells. Contains the stratum basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, and corneum.

The tough, inner layer of skin, made of fibrous connective tissue. Contains papillary and reticular layers.

Keratinocytes produce keratin, providing skin's protective barrier and strength.

Melanocytes produce melanin, responsible for skin and hair pigmentation.

Skin production of vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium for strong bones.

Nail structure consists of the free edge, plate, root, nail bed, lunule, and nail folds.

Hair consists of a medulla, cortex, and cuticle, all made of keratinized cells, for strength and structure.

The shape of a hair shaft (round, curved/bean-shaped, or oval) determines its hair type (straight, wavy, or curly).

Sweat glands throughout the body, opening directly onto the skin, producing sweat.

Sweat glands primarily in armpits and genitals; they open into hair follicles and become active at puberty.

Glands that produce sebum, an oily substance that moisturizes and lubricates the skin.

Specialized nerve endings in the skin that detect touch, pressure, and other sensations.

A type of skin cancer arising from melanocytes, often from pre-existing moles, most dangerous.

A guide to recognize suspicious moles: Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter, and Evolving.

Bones have compact (outer) and spongy (inner) layers, covered by periosteum and endosteum.

Different types of vertebrae (Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, Coccygeal) have varying shapes and characteristics related to their location and function in the spine.

An intervertebral disc has an outer ring (annulus fibrosus) and an inner gel-like core (nucleus pulposus) that absorb shock and allow for movement.

The axial skeleton (skull, spine, rib cage) supports and protects internal organs, while the appendicular skeleton (limbs, girdles) enables movement.

The pectoral girdle (clavicles, scapulae) is more flexible but less stable, unlike the pelvic girdle (hip bones) which is more stable but less flexible.

Bone remodeling disorders include osteoporosis (low bone density), osteomalacia (softened bones), and Paget's disease (abnormal bone remodeling).

Bones are made of cylindrical osteons with concentric rings (lamellae) around a central canal (Haversian canal). Cells (osteocytes) are in spaces (lacunae) connected by channels (canaliculi).

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) increases blood calcium by releasing calcium from bone, decreasing loss in urine, and increasing absorption from the gut.

Osteogenic cells (stem), Osteoblasts (build), Osteocytes (mature), and Osteoclasts (break down) are the four types of bone cells.

Cartilage is replaced by bone tissue during ossification. Osteoblasts create the bone matrix.

Bones grow longer at epiphyseal plates and wider through appositional growth.

Bone is constantly broken down (resorption) and rebuilt (formation) in response to stress and calcium needs.

Cervical supports the head, Thoracic protects organs, Lumbar supports the lower back, Sacral connects to pelvis, and Coccygeal is the tailbone.

Bone growth occurring at the epiphyseal plates. Increases bone length.