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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of tears?
What is the primary function of tears?
- To produce saliva and vaginal secretions
- To wash away pathogens from the urinary tract
- To protect the eyes (correct)
- To act as a flushing mechanism
Which of the following is NOT considered a chemical barrier in the body's first line of defense?
Which of the following is NOT considered a chemical barrier in the body's first line of defense?
- Sebum
- Blood transferrins
- Gastric juices
- Normal microbiota (correct)
What is the primary function of lysozymes in the body's defenses?
What is the primary function of lysozymes in the body's defenses?
- To bind to available iron and starve bacteria
- To produce a slightly acidic environment on the skin
- To act as a flushing mechanism against pathogens
- To break down the cell wall of bacteria (correct)
What is the primary role of blood transferrins in the body's defenses?
What is the primary role of blood transferrins in the body's defenses?
What is the main reason the skin's pH is slightly acidic?
What is the main reason the skin's pH is slightly acidic?
Which of the following is considered a biological barrier in the body's first line of defense?
Which of the following is considered a biological barrier in the body's first line of defense?
What is the primary function of gastric juices in the body's defenses?
What is the primary function of gastric juices in the body's defenses?
What is the main function of T cells and B cells?
What is the main function of T cells and B cells?
Which type of white blood cell is a first responder in the innate immune system?
Which type of white blood cell is a first responder in the innate immune system?
What is the first phase of phagocytosis?
What is the first phase of phagocytosis?
Which cell type is responsible for engulfing pathogens through phagocytosis?
Which cell type is responsible for engulfing pathogens through phagocytosis?
What is a phagosome?
What is a phagosome?
Which phase of phagocytosis involves the formation of a phagolysosome?
Which phase of phagocytosis involves the formation of a phagolysosome?
What is the role of opsonization in the immune response?
What is the role of opsonization in the immune response?
What is the function of histamine release from mast cells?
What is the function of histamine release from mast cells?
What happens when complement proteins bind to mast cells?
What happens when complement proteins bind to mast cells?
How does the membrane attack complex (MAC) affect pathogens?
How does the membrane attack complex (MAC) affect pathogens?
What is a strategy used by some microbes to evade the complement system?
What is a strategy used by some microbes to evade the complement system?
Which process involves attracting phagocytes to the site of infection?
Which process involves attracting phagocytes to the site of infection?
What is the main outcome of the complement system's cytolysis process?
What is the main outcome of the complement system's cytolysis process?
What is the role of the first line of host defense?
What is the role of the first line of host defense?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the first line of host defense?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the first line of host defense?
What is the primary function of the keratin protein in the top layer of intact skin?
What is the primary function of the keratin protein in the top layer of intact skin?
How does the ciliary escalator contribute to the first line of host defense?
How does the ciliary escalator contribute to the first line of host defense?
What is the primary role of the lacrimal apparatus in the first line of host defense?
What is the primary role of the lacrimal apparatus in the first line of host defense?
Which of the following statements about intact skin is TRUE?
Which of the following statements about intact skin is TRUE?
What is the purpose of the mucus secreted by the mucous membranes?
What is the purpose of the mucus secreted by the mucous membranes?
What are complement proteins unable to do easily?
What are complement proteins unable to do easily?
What prevents the formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC)?
What prevents the formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC)?
How do bacteria protect themselves against complement proteins?
How do bacteria protect themselves against complement proteins?
What do interferons (IFNs) interfere with?
What do interferons (IFNs) interfere with?
What type of cells produce interferons (IFNs)?
What type of cells produce interferons (IFNs)?
What is the primary function of interferons (IFNs)?
What is the primary function of interferons (IFNs)?
How do interferons (IFNs) initiate an antiviral response in uninfected cells?
How do interferons (IFNs) initiate an antiviral response in uninfected cells?
What is the first step in the mechanism of action of interferons?
What is the first step in the mechanism of action of interferons?
What do interferons (IFNs) cause uninfected neighboring cells to do?
What do interferons (IFNs) cause uninfected neighboring cells to do?
What is the final step in the mechanism of action of interferons?
What is the final step in the mechanism of action of interferons?
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