Questions and Answers
Who is recognized as the first to create a modern restaurant?
What major event led to the rise of food-service establishments in France?
Which type of establishment served as the French equivalent of English coffee houses?
What was a significant impact of the Industrial Revolution on the hospitality industry?
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In which period did public dining become less popular?
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What was a consequence of cooks losing their jobs during the French Revolution?
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Where were many new hospitality businesses established during the Industrial Era?
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Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a type of hospitality establishment that opened near railroad stations?
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What significant dining facility was opened in 1875?
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Who was the General Manager of the Savoy Hotel?
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What important system did Auguste Escoffier install?
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Which restaurant is known as the center of American gastronomy?
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What does the European plan in hotels allow guests to do?
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What culinary innovation was attributed to the nineteenth century?
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Which fast-food chain was established in 1921?
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What was a primary characteristic of Delmonico's menu?
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Who is recognized as the first professional travel agent?
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What significant feature did Ellsworth Milton Statler introduce in hotel rooms?
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Which entrepreneur is known for pioneering brand leveraging in the hospitality industry?
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Which entrepreneur founded the McDonald's Corporation?
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What phrase still used today originated from Thomas Cook's contributions to travel?
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What business did J.Willard Marriott initially start before founding the Marriott Corporation?
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Who is described as having a flawless sense of timing in hotel finance?
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Which founder established Four Seasons Regent Hotels, the world's largest hotel chain?
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What significant development in tourism occurred in the Philippines in 1947?
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Which organization was the first tourism and hospitality association established in the Philippines?
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What event in 1972 positively impacted the tourism and hospitality sector in the Philippines?
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What were some challenges faced by the tourism industry in the Philippines during the 1960s and 70s?
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Which government body was formed to regulate and promote the tourist industry in the Philippines?
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How did the government support the Philippine Tourist and Travel Association (PTTA)?
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What did the Philippines become known for among foreign visitors during the 'tourist boom' in the early 70s?
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What was one factor that contributed to the inadequate accommodations in the Philippines during the 1960s?
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What was the primary role of the monasteries in relation to travelers?
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Which monastery is noted as the most famous shelter for travelers?
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What accommodations did the Abbey at Roncesvalles provide?
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What challenge faced the Church regarding travelers during this period?
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What type of accommodations began to emerge for middle-class travelers?
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During the Renaissance, what type of establishments were generally absent?
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What social expectation regarding table manners emerged during the Renaissance?
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Why did the upper classes avoid taverns, pubs, and inns in England during the Renaissance?
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Study Notes
Hospitality in the Medieval Period
- The Roman Catholic Church assumed responsibility for providing food and shelter to travelers, catering to both religious and lay individuals.
- Monasteries operated as self-sufficient units, cultivating vegetables and herbs, raising animals, and producing wine.
- The Hospice of St. Bernard, situated in the Alps at 8,110 feet, was a notable monastery offering free lodging to travelers, expecting donations from those who could afford it.
- Charlemagne established rest houses for pilgrims in Europe, with the Abbey at Roncesvalles serving as an exemplary hospitality center.
- Medieval guilds also provided accommodations for pilgrims, mirroring monastery services, with The Steelyard in London representing the Hanseatic League's endeavors.
- The Protestant Reformation led to overcapacity in monasteries and challenges in providing hospitality services, especially to the middle class.
- A rise in taverns, inns, and wine shops emerged to meet the needs of middle-class travelers as monastery space became limited.
Renaissance Era and the Evolution of Dining
- During the Renaissance (1350-1600), dining establishments like restaurants did not exist; taverns and inns prevailed, primarily avoiding service for upper-class patrons.
- Social etiquette surrounding dining evolved, prohibiting practices like using fingers to serve food and burping at the table.
- A significant case led to a decree allowing traiteurs and restaurateurs to serve guests, leading to the emergence of public dining rooms.
- Boulanger is credited with creating the first restaurant, introducing diverse food options for public consumption.
- Post-French Revolution, unemployed aristocratic cooks opened eateries, increasing the number of restaurants in Paris.
- The café, initially serving snacks, grew into a culinary hotspot with elaborate dishes praised by customers.
Impact of the Industrial Revolution on Hospitality
- The Industrial Revolution initiated in the mid-1700s in England, dramatically reshaping the hospitality industry.
- Railroad networks spurred the establishment of inns, taverns, and hotels near railway stations.
- Notable examples include the Charing Cross Hotel and St. Pancras Hotel in England, and Biltmore and Commodore Hotels in the U.S.
Hospitality Developments in the 19th Century
- Public dining declined in the late 19th century, with many hotels lacking dining facilities, leading guests to dine in their rooms.
- The Savoy Hotel, opened in 1889, became renowned for luxurious accommodations and fine dining, employing food industry pioneers Cesar Ritz and Auguste Escoffier.
- Auguste Escoffier contributed significantly to culinary practices with his famed book, "Le Guide Culinaire," and developed the Kitchen Brigade System.
- Delmonico’s, the first elite restaurant in the U.S., became known for its Swiss-French cuisine and bilingual menus.
Notable Figures in 20th Century Hospitality
- Walter Anderson and Billy Ingraham launched White Castle in 1921, marking the inception of the fast-food industry.
- Ellsworth Milton Statler revolutionized hotel comfort for middle-class travelers, introducing modern amenities such as telephones in rooms.
- Conrad Hilton established a standard operating procedure for hotel chains, becoming a key figure in hotel finance.
- Thomas Cook pioneered modern travel agency concepts, facilitating world travel for the middle class.
- Howard Johnson advanced brand franchising in the 1930s, establishing a prominent restaurant chain.
- Ray Kroc of McDonald's emphasized quality and service standards, transforming the fast-food landscape.
- Isadore Sharp founded Four Seasons Regent Hotels, creating a significant global hotel empire.
Tourism in the Philippines
- Tourism activities prior to WWII were hard to discern due to the lack of statistical data.
- Post-1947, tourism organized more orderly with the introduction of steamships and airlines servicing the Philippines.
- The Philippine Tourist and Travel Association (PTTA) was established in 1952 to enhance travel services and promotions.
- Political and economic crises in the 1960s stunted tourism growth, resulting in inadequate accommodations and airline promotion.
- The declaration of martial law in 1972 improved tourism conditions, leading to increased foreign visitor interest and a temporary tourism boom.
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Description
Explore the fascinating evolution of hospitality during the Medieval Period, focusing on the vital role of the Roman Catholic Church and monasteries in providing food and shelter for travelers. Discover the impact of notable establishments like the Hospice of St. Bernard and the innovations introduced by Charlemagne and the medieval guilds. Uncover how societal changes, including the Protestant Reformation, influenced these hospitality practices.
