Hospital Management Quiz - PHM533

Diagnosis of diseases, treatment of illnesses, and management of complications.

To ensure the availability, accessibility, and quality of services for all patients.

The process encompasses patient registration, triage, and treatment delivery, all while integrating different departments and units.

<p>It helps manage the complexity arising from multiple departments, specialties, teams, and data within the institution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It assists in effectively managing all aspects of a hospital or medical facility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It facilitates a better hospital management system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are involved in advancing medical knowledge through scientific inquiry, training future healthcare professionals, and exploring new therapeutic approaches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It stems from the Latin word <em>hospes</em> meaning &quot;guest&quot; or &quot;host&quot;, reflecting its role as a place of lodging and care.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The environmental impact and the level of protection required.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A fresh solution of general-purpose neutral detergent in warm water should be used for routine cleaning. This solution should be changed when dirty or when changing tasks, and cleaning should be conducted regularly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three main types are single-use medical gloves (sterile or non-sterile), protective work gloves, and surgical gloves. Single-use medical gloves provide protection against potential contamination, while protective work gloves offer more robust protection for tasks involving handling hazardous materials. Surgical gloves are sterile and are used during surgeries and other procedures requiring sterility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Routine disinfection is not recommended because it can lead to the development of antimicrobial resistance. However, in specific cases, 1,000ppm available chlorine should be used for sanitary fittings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Before use, the packaging should be intact, free of visible contamination, the expiration date should be valid, and any sterility indicators should be within the acceptable range.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two methods for managing inventory are FIFO (First In, First Out) and LIFO (Last In, First Out). FIFO assumes that the oldest stock is used first, while LIFO assumes that the newest stock is used first. These methods lead to different valuations of inventory and can have tax implications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ABC analysis categorizes inventory items based on their value. High-value items (A) require more rigorous monitoring, while moderate-value items (B) and low-value items (C) receive less attention. This allows hospitals to prioritize resources for managing critical supplies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Forecasting helps predict the quantity of medical supplies needed in the future. It is crucial for South Sudanese hospitals due to the challenges of supply chain disruptions, limited resources, and the need to ensure timely access to essential medicines and medical equipment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A cloud-based inventory system offers centralized access to inventory data, simplifying inventory tracking and reducing the risk of manual errors. It also provides real-time visibility into stock levels, enabling hospitals to better manage their supplies and respond quickly to changing needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A PHCU (Primary Health Care Unit) serves a smaller population (10,000) compared to a PHCC (Primary Health Care Center) (50,000). They both provide primary healthcare services, but the PHCC has more capacity and resources. Together, they form the first tier of the three-tier healthcare system, providing basic healthcare services at the community level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The secondary tier (county and state hospitals) serves as the first point of referral for rural communities. They provide more specialized healthcare services compared to the primary tier, and they are critical for addressing the healthcare needs of a larger population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Three types of medical inventory items include PPEs (Personal Protective Equipment, such as masks, gowns, and gloves), medical supplies (bandages, cotton, syringes), and health &amp; wellness products (vitamins, supplements). These items are essential for providing safe and effective medical care to patients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Challenges include limited infrastructure and resources, which can make it difficult to implement sophisticated systems or purchase necessary equipment. The availability of qualified personnel and the need for ongoing training are also important concerns. Access to reliable internet service can also be a challenge in some areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Before performing hand hygiene, it is crucial to expose the forearms, remove jewelry (except for a single plain wedding band that can be moved up the finger during hand hygiene), ensure fingernails are clean and short, and cover any cuts or abrasions with a waterproof dressing. These steps are essential to prevent the spread of pathogens by ensuring that hands are thoroughly cleaned and free from potential contaminants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patient placement is crucial in infection prevention because it minimizes the risk of spreading infections by grouping patients with similar infection risks together. Thorough assessment for infection risk upon arrival and throughout stay helps determine suitable placement, isolating patients with potential cross-infection risks like diarrhea, vomiting, or known MDROs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clinical hand-wash basins must be dedicated solely for handwashing, equipped with mixer taps (no overflow or plug), be in good repair, have wall-mounted liquid soap dispensers, and offer paper towel dispensers. These features ensure proper hand hygiene by providing the necessary resources and preventing contamination by ensuring proper hygiene.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hand hygiene is a cornerstone of infection prevention as it effectively reduces the transmission of infectious agents that cause HCAIs. By removing microorganisms from hands, hand hygiene minimizes the risk of spreading these agents to patients and healthcare providers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patients with diarrhea, vomiting, or an unexplained rash are considered high-risk for cross-infection. They may be shedding infectious agents that can easily spread to others. Additionally, patients previously positive for MDROs (multi-drug resistant organisms) like MRSA pose a significant risk due to their resistance to common antibiotics, requiring stricter infection control measures to avoid further spread.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Respiratory and cough hygiene are essential for preventing the spread of respiratory infections. By practicing proper techniques like covering coughs or sneezes with a tissue or the elbow, and using appropriate respiratory protection, individuals can significantly reduce the transmission of airborne droplets containing pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Safe management of healthcare linens is essential to prevent the spread of infections through contaminated fabrics. Linens should be handled with care to avoid contamination, promptly laundered at appropriate temperatures, and stored in a clean, dry environment to minimize the risk of pathogen growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sharps disposal is crucial to prevent accidental needle stick injuries and the potential spread of bloodborne pathogens. Sharps containers are designed to safely contain and dispose of needles, syringes, and other sharp objects, minimizing the risk of contamination and injury to healthcare workers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Negative air pressure is used in isolation rooms to prevent contaminated air from escaping. It creates a lower pressure inside the room, drawing air inwards and containing potentially infectious droplets. Positive air pressure, on the other hand, keeps pathogens out by pushing air outwards from the room, commonly used in areas where patients are susceptible to infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quality Control focuses on inspecting and reviewing the quality of individual components or processes involved in healthcare delivery, ensuring they meet established standards. Quality Assurance, on the other hand, has a broader scope, aiming to ensure the overall safety, quality, and efficacy of health products and services procured for patient care.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Total Quality Management aims to continuously improve all aspects of healthcare services, products, and processes through collective efforts of all employees, fostering a culture of ongoing improvement and patient satisfaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hospital-acquired infections (HAI) are infections contracted during a patient's stay in a healthcare facility, indicating a potential breach in infection control measures. These infections are different from infections present at admission, which were already present at the time of hospitalization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hospital-acquired infections can occur in settings like surgical centers, dialysis centers, and any other healthcare facility where patients receive treatment. They can also occur after discharge, affecting patients or even amongst healthcare staff.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autonomy in medical ethics emphasizes the patient's right to make informed decisions about their own healthcare. This means that healthcare providers are obligated to respect the patient's choices, even if they differ from the physician's recommendations, as long as the patient is an adult with the capacity to make informed decisions. The healthcare professional should provide a clear explanation of the proposed investigation, procedure, or treatment before it is administered.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Non-maleficence, meaning 'do no harm,' is a fundamental principle in medical ethics. It obligates healthcare professionals to avoid causing harm to their patients. This principle guides the use of medical interventions, ensuring that potential risks are carefully weighed against benefits, and that treatments are administered with the utmost care to minimize the risk of harm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Truth-telling in medicine presents a significant ethical challenge. While honesty is paramount, disclosing bad news must be done with sensitivity, considering the patient's emotional and psychological state. The physician must carefully evaluate the patient's ability to understand and cope with the information, tailoring the disclosure to their individual needs and preferences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Beneficence, meaning 'acting in the best interest of the patient,' is a guiding principle in medical ethics. Health professionals are obligated to prioritize the patient's well-being, taking actions that promote their health, prevent harm, and improve their quality of life. This guiding principle motivates them to make decisions that are in the patient's best interests, considering their overall health and potential risks and benefits of various interventions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Justice in healthcare emphasizes the equitable distribution of healthcare resources and services to all individuals, regardless of their background or circumstances. This principle challenges healthcare systems to ensure that access to healthcare is not determined by factors like race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, or other personal characteristics. It implies that healthcare should be provided fairly and equitably to all members of society.</p> Signup and view all the answers