Hospital Information Systems (HIS)

• Hospital Information Systems (HIS) are computer systems designed to manage information and enable healthcare providers to perform their jobs efficiently, addressing the needs of various departments within a healthcare facility.
• When selecting a HIS, factors to consider include the total cost, whether the system is web-based, and the level of implementation support, including assistance with implementation, staff training, and 24/7 support.
• Modern HIS use computers linked to each other, programmed to gather, process, and retrieve patient care and administrative information.
• HIS can lead to better ROI with optimized service delivery and improved decision-making due to the availability of relevant data available to hospital authorities.
• Key benefits of HIS include enhanced data integrity, reduced transcription errors and duplication, and quicker reporting.
• Health Information Systems are technology-driven, facilitating the sharing of Protected Health Information (PHI) between organizations and providers, resulting in smooth and coordinated treatment for patients.
• Easy access to patient data via Health Information Systems improves patient safety by enabling information sharing across databases and providing alerts for potential health issues.
• Health Information Systems improve patient care by collecting and storing patient data and providing healthcare providers with a framework for patient interaction and care delivery.
• Health Information Systems streamline performance analysis by facilitating staff performance analysis, patient care analysis, and organizational stability checks, reducing paperwork and computerizing records for informed decision-making.
• Using HIS offers a virtual view of patient flow and experiences to help identify areas for improvement.
• Health Information Systems reduce medical errors by minimizing paperwork, automating processes, and ensuring error-free reports and data, which improving patient safety.
• The World Health Organization (WHO) states that a Health Information System collects data from the health sector and other relevant sectors, analyzes the data, ensures quality, relevance, and timeliness, and converts data into information for health-related decision-making.
• Health Information Systems help minimize operational expenses, save energy and resources. They also help support health organizations with better resource allocation, allowing for improved patient care while saving money.
• Health Information Systems save time by automating patient information processes, which makes patient care coordinated and hospital management seamless.
• Health Information Systems improve patient satisfaction by simplifying healthcare providers' and administrators' jobs, enhancing patients’ satisfaction levels.

Key Features of Health Information Systems

• A patient portal offers secure online access to medical records, appointment scheduling, doctor communication, medical bill review, and online payment processing.
• Online medical billing manages billing tasks efficiently, including patient billing, insurance details, patient tracking, and payment processing.
• Patient scheduling allows patients to schedule their own appointments online, removing the need to wait in line or call the clinic repeatedly.
• The ePrescribing feature speeds up the prescription process by allowing staff to send and fill prescriptions online and track the process.
• Remote Patient Monitoring (RPM) helps care providers deliver healthcare, minimize condition expenses, and monitor the health status of patients with chronic conditions.
• Master Patient Index is used to feed patients' information once, after whichit is connected to multiple databases for lab tests and clinical departments.
• Bed management systems monitor hospital admissions, discharges, and patient flow to identify bed availability and enable bed managers to place patients in suitable wards.
• Patient experience, safety, outcomes, quality, and coordination of care are improved with the use of bed management systems.
• Electronic Health Records (EHRs) are electronic versions of patients' medical histories maintained by providers over time, including demographics, progress notes, problems, medications, vital signs, past medical history, immunizations, lab data, and radiology reports.
• Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE) involves providers using computer assistance to enter medication, laboratory, and diagnostic imaging orders directly, which are documented in a digital format to improve safety and organization.
• Using CPOE reduces errors, improves patient safety, and increases efficiency.

Types of Information Systems

• Nursing Information Systems (NIS)
• Laboratory Information Systems (LIS)
• Physician Information Systems (PIS)
• Pharmacy Information Systems (PIS)
• Radiology Information Systems (RIS)

Physician Information Systems (Pis)

• Enhance the practice of physicians.
• Are encouraged by the government.
• Include programs such as EMRs and EHRs.

Radiology Information Systems (RIS)

• Provide radiology billing services.
• Schedule appointments.
• Report data.
• Provide patient database storage.

Pharmacy Information Systems (Ris)

• Monitor the use of medicine in hospitals.
• Enable users to supervise drug allergies and medication-related complications.
• Identify drug interactions.
• Help users administer appropriate drugs based on patient conditions.

Nursing Information Systems (NIS)

• Computer-based programs that are designed to enhance patient care and assist nurses.
• They enable managers to handle absences and overtime, reveal staffing levels, chart patient data, access admission information, and create care plans.
• Represents a part of a healthcare information system that manages and maintains nursing records.
• The goal is meeting the users' needs for successful operation.
• Integrates with the basic tasks of the nursing care process.

Internet Applications in Nursing

• Includes Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) to allow wireless devices.
• Emails and Bookmarks
• Wireless Phones
• Two-way Video Teleconferencing
• Face Time
• Text Messaging
• Twitter, Google, Internet, Facebook
• Web 2.0, blogs, wikis

The Internet

• A type of architecture that has revolutionized communication and commerce through global computer network interconnection.
• Refers to a network of networks.
• Emerged in the 1970s but became visible to the public in the early 1990s.
• Approximately 3.2 billion people, or nearly half of the world's population, were estimated to have Internet access by 2015.
• Provides a collection of information and services, which changes lifestyles.
• Enables professionals to establish communications, disseminate documents, and transfer data/information.
• Provides patients knowledge regarding their condition before consultation.

PDAs and Wireless Devices

• Designed to function as stand-alone computers and to communicate with other computers.
• Typically, communication occurs via cable synchronization.
• Wireless devices: Utilize WLANS, Bluetooth for short intervals, and Infrared Data Association (IRDA), which requires a direct line of site.

Desktop Computers Vs Smartphones

• Desktop computers are difficult to hand carry, but contain a larger display. They are also measured in GHz and have a larger memory capacity.
• Smartphones have wireless options and a combination of telephone, email, and internet.

Notebook Computer Vs Tablet Vs PDA

• Notebook is light and is able to be carried around, but has slightly smaller options.
• Using a notebook has the possibility to add on more devices, but may add to the weight. A notbook computer runs on a battery.
• Table is light with smaller capacity than the notebook.
• PDA provides the user to utilize stylus on the keyboard, but has no mouse. It also has a compatibility with smartphone devices, but doesn't support voice connectivivty.
• Email is electronic mail that is sent via internet. An email address is needed to receive an email.

Bookmarks

• Bookmarks allow saving a webpage, which allows remembering helpful webpages, and saves time.
• Wireless telephones communicate through radio waves instead of cables; also known as cellphones and mobile phones, they use short-range transmitters/receivers to communicate.
• Wireless phone can communicate. It transport digitized voice through radio wave electric and magnetic waves.

Landline Vs Wireless Phone

• Landlines are fixed and wireless phones are mobile to communicate. Landline phones can only be used in wired locations. Wireless phones can be used when there is signal.

Two-way Video Conference

• Involves alive, visual connection between others to communicate in different areas.
• The transfer of data involves static images and the transfer of high quality of motion picture.
• Video conferencing can reduce travel time and costs.
• Video conferencing can allow easier attendance with less meetings.
• Video conferences allows more participation and discussion of information.
• Cloud use allows for employee retention who enjoy remote and flexible work options.
• Sustained competitive advantages exist and the benefit of unified communication increases production for business.
• FaceTime created by Apple is a video app, which provides the video (FaceTime) and audio to function on an apple device.

Text Messaging

• Consist of electronic messages with the alphabet or numeric messaging to those with mobile devices.
• This can be used for a business, social, or personal needs.
• Online access consists of media and social networking.

Web 2.0

• Is the second generation with HTML with a more dynamic setting.
• This is beneficial for information sharing online, and creates blogging and web communities.
• Wikis and blogs are new sites of content creation and information.
• 'Web 2.0' includes tools to share, create, and collaborate.
• YouTube and Facebook are examples of Web 2.0 options.

Blogs

• Blogs are a website consisting of posts listed in reverse chronological order. To reflect a person's opinion and personality.
• A wiki is a collaborative website that allows users to create, add to, modify, or delete content via their web browser to look up other sources.
• A podcast is a digital medium in audio series that is also streamed online to share shows and sounds.

Nursing Information System Team (Health IT)

• Requires small groups of health officials and other services who work together.
• Roles include IT and healthcare administration who oversee clinicians, patients, Insurance companies, and government.
• Clinical health informaticists ensure the adoption of technology and benefits to increase patient care.
• IT teams are small and able to maintain large systems for growing business.
• A team sport where professional IT helps with rising trends and changing information.

IT Team

• Consist professionals or therapists who learn with/without other fields to improve outcomes. This is why IT teams are so effective.
• Newsgroups and listservs are helpful when looking information and research.
• Internet service that emails messages to subscribers to send. This updates support and communications through email.
• Messages on topics or beats that keep an ear for the ground (topic trends).
• Found of USENET where subscribers read, and post. All are able to comment, ask questions, and look up any topic.

LISTSERV

• This method of communications can send email through subscribers through a specific address.
• An electronic mailing list requires subscription for discussion. Messages sent can include the users input in the inbox or online.
• There is less spam due to this subscription with monitoring.