Questions and Answers
When did wine become important to civilization?
Dates back to about 6000 years ago
Why did wine become important to civilization? (Select all that apply)
Describe some of the technology incorporated into the winemaking process that is still used today.
Corks, Barrels/Oaked, Pressing
What are the grapevine growing requirements? (Select all that apply)
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What is the single most important factor in the taste and style of wine?
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What types of grapes are used for winemaking?
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What is Vitis labrusca?
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What is a Cultivar?
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What is a Variety?
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What is a Varietal Wine?
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What is the difference between Cultivar and Variety?
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What is a Clone?
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Define Propagation.
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Define Grafting.
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Who was T.V. Munson?
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Study Notes
Importance of Wine in Civilization
- Wine's significance dates back approximately 6000 years.
- It naturally preserves itself, lasts a long time, and is safer to drink than water.
Winemaking Technology
- Corks: Derived from cork oak, used to seal bottles since around 3000 B.C.
- Barrels/Oaking: Oaking enhances wine flavor, particularly in red wines, without traditional barrel aging.
- Pressing: Grapes are pressed post-crushing; "Press Wine" contains more color and tannins than free-run juice, often blended for enhanced structure.
Grapevine Growing Requirements
- Requires well-drained soil with a pH of 5.0-8.0.
- Needs full sun exposure for 8+ hours daily and low to moderate soil fertility.
- A support structure is necessary for optimal growth.
Key Factors in Wine Taste and Style
- The primary determinant of wine's taste and style is the grape variety used in production.
Types of Grapes for Winemaking
- European Grapes (Vitis Vinifera): Includes varieties like Merlot, Cabernet, and Chardonnay, which constitute over 99% of global grape production.
- Hybrid Grapes: Created through cross-pollination of different vine species.
- Muscadine Grapes (Muscadinia Rotundifolia): Known for resilience and usage in specific regions.
- Labrusca Grapes (Vitis Labrusca): Includes Concord grapes, widely used for jams and juices.
Understanding Vitis Labrusca
- A North American grape species, vital in tough climates, famous for its Concord grape.
Cultivars vs. Varieties
- Cultivar: A taxon selected for distinct attributes, uniform in propagation, totaling around 5,000 named grape cultivars globally.
- Variety: Naturally occurring groups true to type, often misused in wine terminology.
Varietal Wine Definition
- A wine predominantly made from a single grape variety, highlighting its unique characteristics.
Difference Between Cultivar and Variety
- "Cultivar" refers to human-bred varieties, while "Variety" represents natural occurrences and is considered a spontaneous phenomenon.
Cloning in Viticulture
- Clones reproduce vines with traits from the parent vine, generally through cuttings, but can also evolve with environmental changes.
Propagation Overview
- Propagation involves breeding plants without seed planting, typically asexual.
Grafting Technique
- A method where a vine secures itself to another vine or rootstock, crucial for combining vinifera with phylloxera-resistant American labrusca rootstock.
T.V. Munson's Contribution
- Thomas Volney Munson recognized for his exploration of grape varieties, famously stated, "I have found my grape paradise."
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Description
Prepare for your HORT 416 exam with this review guide focused on the history and technology of winemaking. Explore key dates, reasons for wine's significance, and various technologies that have shaped the winemaking process. Ideal for students aiming for a comprehensive understanding of wine's role in civilization.
