Horopter Concept in Vision Science

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What is the Hering-Hillebrand deviation?

Deviation of the perceptual from the Panum's fusional area.

Deviation of the perceptual from the physiological diplopia.

Deviation of the empirical horopter away from the Veith-Müller Circle.

Deviation of the perceptual from the geometric horopter. (correct)

What causes the Hering-Hillebrand deviation?

Neural factors only.

Optical factors only.

Both neural and optical factors. (correct)

Hemispheric factors.

What is Physiological diplopia?

Diplopia due to eye muscle weakness.

Seeing double when object points are not on the horopter. (correct)

A condition where objects seem closer than they actually are.

Diplopia caused by a deviation in the horopter mapping.

What does Panum's Fusion Area refer to?

The band around the horopter where stimuli from disparate retinal elements are perceived as single. Signup and view all the answers

Why does Panum's area increase towards the periphery?

To enhance peripheral vision through cyclofusion. Signup and view all the answers

How does Panum's area change based on stimuli characteristics?

It expands for sharply focused and rapidly moving stimuli. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Horopter defined as?

A locus of all object points imaged on corresponding retinal elements at a given fixation distance Signup and view all the answers

Why is the Horopter also referred to as the 'boundary of the observer'?

Because it is a virtual region in visual and physical space based on binocular vision Signup and view all the answers

According to the Geometric Vieth Muller horopter model, what shape does the horopter take if corresponding points have a regular horizontal distance from the retina?

A circle passing through the center of rotation of the two eyes and the fixation point Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the empirical horopter curve in comparison to the geometric Vieth Muller horopter?

It has a smaller radius of curvature Signup and view all the answers

What serves as the visual-directional reference point in relation to the Horopter?

'Zero sensory-motor-perceptual' visuo-spatial reference point Signup and view all the answers

What is essential to ensure that all points on a line are imaged on corresponding retinal elements according to the concept of Horopter?

Maintaining a single fixation distance Signup and view all the answers