Hormones of the Posterior Pituitary
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of oxytocin?

  • Regulating water reabsorption
  • Stimulating uterine contractions and milk ejection (correct)
  • Regulating skin pigmentation
  • Stimulating growth and development

What is another name for vasopressin?

  • Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (correct)
  • Oxytocin
  • Growth hormone
  • Prolactin

What is the name of the molecule that regulates skin pigmentation, among other functions?

  • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
  • Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) (correct)
  • Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
  • Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Which of the following cell types secretes growth hormone?

<p>Somatotropes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the hormones secreted by the intermediate lobe of the pituitary?

<p>Melanocyte-stimulating hormones (MSHs) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many types of secretory cells have been identified in the anterior pituitary?

<p>5 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of hGH-V and hCS in the circulation?

<p>Placenta (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of circulating growth hormone is in the bound form?

<p>50% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range of basal plasma growth hormone levels in adult humans?

<p>Less than 3 ng/mL (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the half-life of circulating growth hormone in humans?

<p>6-20 minutes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the daily growth hormone output in adults?

<p>0.2-1.0 mg/d (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the growth hormone-hCS cluster in humans?

<p>Long arm of human chromosome 17 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many genes are present in the growth hormone-hCS cluster?

<p>5 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about the growth hormone receptor's binding mechanism?

<p>It binds to one receptor, attracting another to form a homodimer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of hGH-V?

<p>It codes for the variant form of growth hormone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of posttranslational modifications of hGH-N?

<p>A complex mixture of peptides with varying degrees of glycosylation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the challenge in assaying for each growth hormone species separately?

<p>Their structural similarities make it difficult to assay (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the emerging evidence about the functions of the various peptides?

<p>They occasionally exert actions in opposition to one another (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the essential process for receptor activation?

<p>Dimerization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of hypophysectomy on growth in young animals?

<p>Growth is inhibited (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the pathway activated by growth hormone, which involves cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases and transcription factors?

<p>JAK-STAT pathway (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of prolonged treatment with growth hormone in animals with closed epiphyses?

<p>Acromegaly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of STATs in the JAK-STAT pathway?

<p>Cytoplasmic transcription factors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of growth hormone on the sizes of most viscera?

<p>They are increased (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the indirect way growth hormone promotes growth?

<p>By increasing the ability of the pancreas to respond to insulinogenic stimuli (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the first somatomedin isolated?

<p>Sulfation factor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about the C chains of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF-II?

<p>They are not separated (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of insulin on protein metabolism?

<p>It has a protein anabolic effect (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of somatomedins?

<p>Promote protein anabolism and collagen formation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a somatomedin?

<p>Glucagon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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