Hormones of the Posterior Pituitary
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of oxytocin?

  • Regulating water reabsorption
  • Stimulating uterine contractions and milk ejection (correct)
  • Regulating skin pigmentation
  • Stimulating growth and development

    • What is another name for vasopressin?

  • Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (correct)
  • Oxytocin
  • Growth hormone
  • Prolactin

    • What is the name of the molecule that regulates skin pigmentation, among other functions?

  • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
  • Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) (correct)
  • Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
  • Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

    • Which of the following cell types secretes growth hormone?

    <p>Somatotropes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the hormones secreted by the intermediate lobe of the pituitary?

    <p>Melanocyte-stimulating hormones (MSHs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many types of secretory cells have been identified in the anterior pituitary?

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of hGH-V and hCS in the circulation?

    <p>Placenta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of circulating growth hormone is in the bound form?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of basal plasma growth hormone levels in adult humans?

    <p>Less than 3 ng/mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the half-life of circulating growth hormone in humans?

    <p>6-20 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the daily growth hormone output in adults?

    <p>0.2-1.0 mg/d</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the growth hormone-hCS cluster in humans?

    <p>Long arm of human chromosome 17</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many genes are present in the growth hormone-hCS cluster?

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the growth hormone receptor's binding mechanism?

    <p>It binds to one receptor, attracting another to form a homodimer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of hGH-V?

    <p>It codes for the variant form of growth hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of posttranslational modifications of hGH-N?

    <p>A complex mixture of peptides with varying degrees of glycosylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the challenge in assaying for each growth hormone species separately?

    <p>Their structural similarities make it difficult to assay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the emerging evidence about the functions of the various peptides?

    <p>They occasionally exert actions in opposition to one another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the essential process for receptor activation?

    <p>Dimerization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of hypophysectomy on growth in young animals?

    <p>Growth is inhibited</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the pathway activated by growth hormone, which involves cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases and transcription factors?

    <p>JAK-STAT pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of prolonged treatment with growth hormone in animals with closed epiphyses?

    <p>Acromegaly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of STATs in the JAK-STAT pathway?

    <p>Cytoplasmic transcription factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of growth hormone on the sizes of most viscera?

    <p>They are increased</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the indirect way growth hormone promotes growth?

    <p>By increasing the ability of the pancreas to respond to insulinogenic stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the first somatomedin isolated?

    <p>Sulfation factor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the C chains of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF-II?

    <p>They are not separated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of insulin on protein metabolism?

    <p>It has a protein anabolic effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of somatomedins?

    <p>Promote protein anabolism and collagen formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a somatomedin?

    <p>Glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

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