Hormones and Their Functions Quiz

Chemical messengers

They 'turn on' endocrine glands or support the functions of other organs

Peptide, eicosanoids, steroid

<p>Receptor is inside the cell; steroid and thyroid hormones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Receptor is on the plasma membrane; cAMP, Ca2+ can act as second messengers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A special blood supply that goes from the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland; carries the hormones to and from.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Source: Pituitary Gland; Target Cells: smooth muscle in wall of uterus, mammary glands; Function: promote labor and delivery, promotes ejection of milk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Source: Pituitary Gland; Target Cells: kidney tubules; Function: cause kidneys to retain water and decrease urination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Source: Pituitary Gland; Target Cells: skeletal muscle cells and chondrocytes; Function: stimulates cell growth and reproduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Source: Pituitary Gland; Target Cells: cells of the adrenal cortex; Function: triggers the release of hormones from the adrenal cortex.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Source: Pituitary Gland; Target Cells: mammary gland; Function: stimulate development of mammary gland and milk production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Source: Pituitary Gland; Target Cells: Females: ovaries; Males: nurse cells of testes; Function: Females: promotes ovarian follicle development, stimulate secretion of estrogen; Males: promotes physical maturation of developing sperm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Source: Pituitary Gland; Target Cells: Females: ovaries; Males: interstitial cells of testes; Function: Females: induces ovulation, causes secretion of estrogen and progesterone; Males: causes release of testosterone in the testes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Source: Pituitary Gland; Target Cells: thyroid cells; Function: causes thyroid to start secreting its hormones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Source: Pineal Gland; Target Cells: neurons; Function: regulate day/night cycle (circadian rhythm); High levels make you sleepy; Protect against free radicals (is an antioxidant).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Source: pancreas; Target Cells: liver cells; Function: raise blood glucose levels by breaking down glycogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Source: Thyroid Gland; Target Cells: almost all cells in the body; Function: regulate metabolism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Source: Thyroid Gland; Target Cells: Osteoclasts (inhibits them), Intestinal cells, Kidney tubules; Function: cause a decrease in blood calcium by depositing it into bone, decreasing calcium absorption in the intestines, decreasing calcium reabsorption in the kidneys.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Source: Parathyroid Glands; Target Cells: Osteoclasts (stimulates them), Intestinal cells, Kidney tubules; Function: increase blood calcium levels by increasing osteoclast activity, increasing absorption from intestines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Source: Pancreas; Target Cells: most body cells, Liver and skeletal muscle; Function: lower blood glucose levels by increasing glucose uptake into cells, increasing glycogen formation and storage in liver and skeletal muscle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Source: Adrenal Glands; Target Cells: kidney tubules; Function: increase sodium reabsorption (and water as a byproduct).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Source: Adrenal Glands; Target Cells: almost all cells in the body; Function: increase glucose and glycogen formation in liver, release amino acids and lipids from tissues to be used for energy; cortisol also reduces inflammation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Source: Adrenal Glands (Medulla); Target Cells: most cells of the body; Function: increase heart rate, blood pressure, increase glycogen breakdown, which increases blood glucose levels; think 'fight or flight' responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Source: Adrenal Glands (Medulla); Target Cells: most cells of the body; Function: increase heart rate, blood pressure, increase glycogen breakdown, which increases blood glucose levels; think 'fight or flight' responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Source: adrenal glands (kidney); Target Cells: bone marrow; Function: acts on red blood cells to protect them against destruction, stimulates stem cells of the bone marrow to increase the production of red blood cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Zona glomerulosa, Zona fasciculata, Zona reticularis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Produces androgens ('male' hormones) that can be converted to estrogen in the bloodstream.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inadequate insulin production by the pancreatic beta cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An increase in blood sugar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alarm, Exhaustion, Resistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers