Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of hormones regarding glucose?
What is the primary function of hormones regarding glucose?
- To increase the glucose levels in the bloodstream only
- To regulate how cells utilize glucose and convert it into ATP (correct)
- To transport glucose to muscle cells directly
- To store excess glucose in the liver without further processing
Which type of hormone can directly enter a cell's plasma membrane?
Which type of hormone can directly enter a cell's plasma membrane?
- Amino acid-based hormones
- Steroid hormones (correct)
- Protein-based hormones
- Peptide hormones
Which statement is true regarding hormonal release?
Which statement is true regarding hormonal release?
- Hormonal stimuli are the least common type of stimuli for hormone release.
- Hormones are typically released through portal circulation to target cells only.
- Hormones need to bind to receptors to deliver messages to all cells.
- Insulin and prolactin can communicate with all cells in the body. (correct)
What is the role of cAMP in hormone signaling?
What is the role of cAMP in hormone signaling?
Which of the following best describes hormonal stimuli?
Which of the following best describes hormonal stimuli?
Flashcards
Functions of Hormones
Functions of Hormones
Regulate reproduction, growth, immune system, and metabolism.
Release of Hormones
Release of Hormones
Hormones are released into circulation to reach target cells.
Types of Hormones
Types of Hormones
Two main types are amino acid based and steroids.
Plasma Membrane Function
Plasma Membrane Function
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Stimuli for Release
Stimuli for Release
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Study Notes
Hormones
- Regulate reproduction, growth, development, immune system, calcium ion concentration, sodium and potassium concentration, glucose
- Control how efficiently cells utilize nutrients
- Send messages like opening ion channels, activating enzymes, telling a cell to divide, causing glands to secrete hormones, turning on/off transcription
- Released into the bloodstream (except portal circulation from hypothalamus to anterior pituitary)
- Need to find their target cell to deliver messages
- Need to bind to cells
- Some hormones can communicate with all cells (e.g., insulin)
- Most hormones only communicate with specific cells in certain tissues (e.g., prolactin)
Types of Hormones
- Amino acid-based: Include protein-based or peptide-based hormones
- Steroids: Cholesterol-based, fat-based hormones
Plasma Membrane
- Every cell is made of a plasma membrane with fatty acid tails
- Direct Gene Activation: All lipids can directly enter the cell
- Steroid hormones can directly enter the cell
- Amino acid-based hormones cannot enter the cell membrane; they must bind to a receptor outside the cell
Stimuli for Hormone Release
- Hormonal Stimulus: One hormone causes another hormone to be released (e.g., anterior pituitary releases thyroid hormone)
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