Hormones and their Classification
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Questions and Answers

What is the most numerous type of hormone?

  • Thyroid hormones
  • Steroid hormones
  • Peptide hormones (correct)
  • Amine hormones

    • How do steroids and thyroid hormones primarily act?

  • They diffuse freely through the cell membrane and act intracellularly (correct)
  • They bind to G-protein coupled receptors at the cell surface
  • They activate receptor tyrosine kinases on the cell surface
  • They are transported into the cell by specific carrier proteins

    • How do peptide and amine hormones primarily mediate their effects?

  • By entering the cell and binding to nuclear receptors
  • By directly interacting with the DNA in the cell's nucleus
  • Through G-protein coupled receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases (correct)
  • By combining with carrier proteins for transport into the cell

    • What is the basis for conferring specificity in several peptide hormones?

    <p>Distinctive β-chains arising from duplications of a common ancestral gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mechanism by which peptide hormones are synthesized and processed?

    <p>Specific processing by intracellular proteases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what form are hormone precursors typically found?

    <p>Inactive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do elevated levels of circulating glucose affect the translation of insulin mRNA?

    <p>Stimulate its translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormones may be derived from the same initial precursor depending on specific processing steps in a given cell type?

    <p>Peptide and amine hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mechanism controlling synthesis of peptide hormones and hormone receptors?

    <p>Transcriptional control in the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does thyroid hormone directly suppress TSH expression?

    <p>By binding motifs for nuclear receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hormones predominantly act at the cell surface?

    <p>Peptide hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing feature of steroids and thyroid hormones in terms of their sites of action?

    <p>They can freely diffuse through the cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common characteristic of heterodimeric peptide hormones?

    <p>They share a common β chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the number and diversity of hormones change as one moves from simple to higher life forms?

    <p>They increase due to added challenges in providing for homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary means of regulating hormone synthesis for amine and steroid hormones?

    <p>Regulating enzyme production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are multiple hormones derived from the same initial precursor in some cases?

    <p>By specific processing steps in a given cell type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what form are the hormone precursors typically found?

    <p>Inactive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does elevated levels of circulating glucose affect the translation of insulin mRNA?

    <p>Increasing interaction with specific RNA-binding proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mechanism controlling synthesis of peptide hormones and hormone receptors?

    <p>Transcriptional control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do peptide and amine hormones primarily mediate their effects?

    <p>By directly binding to DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

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