Hormones and the Endocrine System
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Questions and Answers

What type of hormone can cross the lipid-containing plasma membrane of cells?

  • Amine hormone
  • Prohormone
  • Steroid hormone (correct)
  • Peptide hormone

Which endocrine gland produces hormones derived from the amino acid tyrosine?

  • Thyroid (correct)
  • Testes
  • Ovaries
  • Adrenal cortex

What is the site of prohormone synthesis?

  • Nucleus
  • Secretory vesicles
  • Endoplasmic reticulum (correct)
  • Golgi apparatus

Which type of hormone usually binds to cell surface receptors?

<p>Peptide hormone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of secretory vesicles in hormone synthesis?

<p>Cleavage of prohormones to active hormones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of hormone is produced by the placenta during pregnancy?

<p>Steroid hormone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the co-evolution of G-protein–coupled receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases?

<p>To increase the diversity of hormone actions and specificity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site of action for steroid and thyroid hormones?

<p>Cytoplasm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of ligand binding to nuclear receptors?

<p>The receptor-ligand complex translocates to the nucleus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the phenomenon where hormones at unusually high levels exhibit cross-reactivity?

<p>Cross-reactivity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of nuclear receptors in hormone signaling?

<p>To bind to DNA and regulate gene transcription (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of hormone receptors that allows for hormone specificity?

<p>They are specific to particular hormone families (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the endocrine system in terms of its anatomy?

<p>It is a distributed system of glands and circulating messengers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of peptide hormones such as TSH, FSH, and LH?

<p>They share a common α-chain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the evolution of hormones from simple to higher life forms?

<p>To provide for homeostasis in more complex organisms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest classification of hormones?

<p>Peptides (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the central nervous system and autonomic nervous system in endocrine regulation?

<p>They stimulate the endocrine system, either individually or together (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the β-chain in peptide hormones such as TSH, FSH, and LH?

<p>It confers specificity to each hormone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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