Hormones and the Endocrine System
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Questions and Answers

What type of hormone can cross the lipid-containing plasma membrane of cells?

  • Amine hormone
  • Prohormone
  • Steroid hormone (correct)
  • Peptide hormone
  • Which endocrine gland produces hormones derived from the amino acid tyrosine?

  • Thyroid (correct)
  • Testes
  • Ovaries
  • Adrenal cortex
  • What is the site of prohormone synthesis?

  • Nucleus
  • Secretory vesicles
  • Endoplasmic reticulum (correct)
  • Golgi apparatus
  • Which type of hormone usually binds to cell surface receptors?

    <p>Peptide hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of secretory vesicles in hormone synthesis?

    <p>Cleavage of prohormones to active hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hormone is produced by the placenta during pregnancy?

    <p>Steroid hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the co-evolution of G-protein–coupled receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases?

    <p>To increase the diversity of hormone actions and specificity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of action for steroid and thyroid hormones?

    <p>Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of ligand binding to nuclear receptors?

    <p>The receptor-ligand complex translocates to the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the phenomenon where hormones at unusually high levels exhibit cross-reactivity?

    <p>Cross-reactivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of nuclear receptors in hormone signaling?

    <p>To bind to DNA and regulate gene transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of hormone receptors that allows for hormone specificity?

    <p>They are specific to particular hormone families</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the endocrine system in terms of its anatomy?

    <p>It is a distributed system of glands and circulating messengers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of peptide hormones such as TSH, FSH, and LH?

    <p>They share a common α-chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the evolution of hormones from simple to higher life forms?

    <p>To provide for homeostasis in more complex organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the largest classification of hormones?

    <p>Peptides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the central nervous system and autonomic nervous system in endocrine regulation?

    <p>They stimulate the endocrine system, either individually or together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the β-chain in peptide hormones such as TSH, FSH, and LH?

    <p>It confers specificity to each hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

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