18 Questions
What type of hormone can cross the lipid-containing plasma membrane of cells?
Steroid hormone
Which endocrine gland produces hormones derived from the amino acid tyrosine?
Thyroid
What is the site of prohormone synthesis?
Endoplasmic reticulum
Which type of hormone usually binds to cell surface receptors?
Peptide hormone
What is the function of secretory vesicles in hormone synthesis?
Cleavage of prohormones to active hormones
What type of hormone is produced by the placenta during pregnancy?
Steroid hormone
What is the primary reason for the co-evolution of G-protein–coupled receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases?
To increase the diversity of hormone actions and specificity
What is the primary site of action for steroid and thyroid hormones?
Cytoplasm
What is the result of ligand binding to nuclear receptors?
The receptor-ligand complex translocates to the nucleus
What is the term for the phenomenon where hormones at unusually high levels exhibit cross-reactivity?
Cross-reactivity
What is the primary function of nuclear receptors in hormone signaling?
To bind to DNA and regulate gene transcription
What is the characteristic of hormone receptors that allows for hormone specificity?
They are specific to particular hormone families
What is a characteristic of the endocrine system in terms of its anatomy?
It is a distributed system of glands and circulating messengers
What is a common feature of peptide hormones such as TSH, FSH, and LH?
They share a common α-chain
What is the primary reason for the evolution of hormones from simple to higher life forms?
To provide for homeostasis in more complex organisms
What is the largest classification of hormones?
Peptides
What is the role of the central nervous system and autonomic nervous system in endocrine regulation?
They stimulate the endocrine system, either individually or together
What is the function of the β-chain in peptide hormones such as TSH, FSH, and LH?
It confers specificity to each hormone
Learn about the different types of hormones, including steroids, peptides, and amines, and how they interact with cells in the body. Understand the production of steroid hormones in various organs and glands.
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