38 Questions
What is the primary function of hormones in the body?
To maintain homeostasis
What is the term for a drug that blocks hormones in the body?
Antihormone
What is the primary function of the thyroid gland?
To set the basal metabolic rate in the body
What is the term for a condition characterized by an underactive thyroid gland?
Hypothyroidism
What is the primary treatment for hypothyroidism?
Levothyroxine
Why is it essential to monitor serum TSH levels?
To monitor the effectiveness of levothyroxine treatment
What is the role of GABA in the nervous system?
To inhibit nerve activity
What is the main difference between focal onset and generalized onset seizures?
Focal onset seizures occur on one side of the brain, while generalized onset seizures occur on both sides
What is the role of acetylcholine in the nervous system?
To facilitate communication between nerves and muscles
What is the name of the medical emergency that can occur if a seizure continues for an extended period of time?
Status epilepticus
What is the name of the seizure type that is characterized by a lack of muscle tone?
Atonic seizure
What is the recommended first aid response to a seizure:
Clear the area to prevent injury, lay the person on a flat surface, and roll them onto their side
What is the main pharmacological action of propylthiouracil (PTU)?
Interferes with the synthesis of T3 and T4 in the thyroid gland
Which condition could arise as an adverse effect of radioactive iodine I-131 treatment?
Overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism)
What effect does hyperthyroidism have on the body's metabolism?
The metabolic rate increases, causing weight loss
Which of the following is a common symptom of Cushing's Syndrome?
Adrenal atrophy and osteoporosis
What is the primary cause of Addison's disease?
Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
What is the role of Aldosterone in the body?
Regulates plasma volume by promoting sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion
What is the main pharmacological action of Glipizide?
Stimulates the release of insulin
What type of reaction is associated with taking alcohol while on Glipizide?
Disulfiram-like reaction
In what way does metformin, a biguanide, primarily work to manage blood sugar levels?
Decreases gluconeogenesis
Which hormone is traditionally used in higher doses for managing a variety of non-endocrine disorders?
Cortisol
What is the mechanism of action of carbamazepine?
Blocking sodium channels
What is a possible interaction of carbamazepine with other substances?
Reducing the effectiveness of oral contraceptives and warfarin
What is a characteristic symptom of Parkinson's disease?
Tremors and muscle rigidity
What is the goal of pharmacological treatment for Parkinson's disease?
Increase dopamine levels
What is a side effect of anticholinergic drugs?
Urinary retention
What is a characteristic feature of Alzheimer's disease?
Dramatic loss of memory and judgment
What is the main function of BARBiturates in terms of neurons?
Suppress abnormal firing of neurons
Which medication is known to enhance the action of GABA?
Gabapentin
What is a potential adverse effect of Diazepam?
Tolerance and dependence
Which medication is used as an antiseizure drug and is a GABA receptor agonist?
Diazepam
What is a common contradiction associated with Carbamazepine use?
Bleeding disorders
Which medication is considered a first-line drug for most seizures and has an adverse effect of hepatic failure?
Lamotrigine
Which drug delays the influx of calcium into neurons and is used to treat absence seizures?
Ethosuximide
What is a contradiction associated with the use of Valproic acid?
Bleeding dysfunction
Which medication is used as adjunctive therapy for partial seizures and has an adverse effect of aggression?
Levetiracetam
What is the main function of Hydantoins in relation to sodium channels?
Delay depolarization
Test your knowledge on hormones, their roles in maintaining homeostasis, various types of hormone pharmacotherapy, and disorders related to hormone production. Learn about negative feedback systems, hormone replacement therapies, and more.
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