Hormones and Endocrine System Pharmacotherapy
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of hormones in the body?

  • To stimulate an immune response
  • To promote muscle spasms
  • To increase cardiac output
  • To maintain homeostasis (correct)

What is the term for a drug that blocks hormones in the body?

  • Steroid therapy
  • Chemotherapy
  • Antihormone (correct)
  • Hormone replacement therapy

What is the primary function of the thyroid gland?

  • To regulate blood pressure
  • To set the basal metabolic rate in the body (correct)
  • To control calcium homeostasis
  • To stimulate muscle contractions

What is the term for a condition characterized by an underactive thyroid gland?

<p>Hypothyroidism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for hypothyroidism?

<p>Levothyroxine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential to monitor serum TSH levels?

<p>To monitor the effectiveness of levothyroxine treatment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of GABA in the nervous system?

<p>To inhibit nerve activity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between focal onset and generalized onset seizures?

<p>Focal onset seizures occur on one side of the brain, while generalized onset seizures occur on both sides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of acetylcholine in the nervous system?

<p>To facilitate communication between nerves and muscles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the medical emergency that can occur if a seizure continues for an extended period of time?

<p>Status epilepticus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the seizure type that is characterized by a lack of muscle tone?

<p>Atonic seizure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended first aid response to a seizure:

<p>Clear the area to prevent injury, lay the person on a flat surface, and roll them onto their side (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main pharmacological action of propylthiouracil (PTU)?

<p>Interferes with the synthesis of T3 and T4 in the thyroid gland (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition could arise as an adverse effect of radioactive iodine I-131 treatment?

<p>Overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does hyperthyroidism have on the body's metabolism?

<p>The metabolic rate increases, causing weight loss (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common symptom of Cushing's Syndrome?

<p>Adrenal atrophy and osteoporosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Addison's disease?

<p>Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Aldosterone in the body?

<p>Regulates plasma volume by promoting sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main pharmacological action of Glipizide?

<p>Stimulates the release of insulin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of reaction is associated with taking alcohol while on Glipizide?

<p>Disulfiram-like reaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does metformin, a biguanide, primarily work to manage blood sugar levels?

<p>Decreases gluconeogenesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is traditionally used in higher doses for managing a variety of non-endocrine disorders?

<p>Cortisol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of carbamazepine?

<p>Blocking sodium channels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible interaction of carbamazepine with other substances?

<p>Reducing the effectiveness of oral contraceptives and warfarin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic symptom of Parkinson's disease?

<p>Tremors and muscle rigidity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of pharmacological treatment for Parkinson's disease?

<p>Increase dopamine levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a side effect of anticholinergic drugs?

<p>Urinary retention (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of Alzheimer's disease?

<p>Dramatic loss of memory and judgment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of BARBiturates in terms of neurons?

<p>Suppress abnormal firing of neurons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is known to enhance the action of GABA?

<p>Gabapentin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse effect of Diazepam?

<p>Tolerance and dependence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is used as an antiseizure drug and is a GABA receptor agonist?

<p>Diazepam (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common contradiction associated with Carbamazepine use?

<p>Bleeding disorders (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is considered a first-line drug for most seizures and has an adverse effect of hepatic failure?

<p>Lamotrigine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug delays the influx of calcium into neurons and is used to treat absence seizures?

<p>Ethosuximide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a contradiction associated with the use of Valproic acid?

<p>Bleeding dysfunction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is used as adjunctive therapy for partial seizures and has an adverse effect of aggression?

<p>Levetiracetam (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Hydantoins in relation to sodium channels?

<p>Delay depolarization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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