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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of hormones in the human body?
What is the primary function of hormones in the human body?
- To synthesize proteins and lipids
- To regulate various physiological processes (correct)
- To transmit nerve impulses
- To produce energy for the body
Which type of hormone is derived from cholesterol?
Which type of hormone is derived from cholesterol?
- Neurohormone
- Amine Hormone
- Steroid Hormone (correct)
- Peptide/Protein Hormone
What is the mechanism of action of steroid hormones?
What is the mechanism of action of steroid hormones?
- They inhibit the activity of enzymes involved in metabolic pathways
- They bind to receptors on the cell surface and trigger a signaling cascade
- They activate ion channels and change the membrane potential
- They bind to intracellular receptors and directly interact with DNA (correct)
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of steroid hormones?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of steroid hormones?
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What is the result of steroid hormones interacting with DNA?
What is the result of steroid hormones interacting with DNA?
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Study Notes
Hormones
- Hormones are chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands and secreted directly into the bloodstream.
- They travel to various organs and tissues to regulate physiological processes such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction.
Chemical Nature of Hormones
- Hormones can be categorized into three main types based on their chemical structure:
Steroid Hormones
- Steroid hormones are lipid-soluble molecules derived from cholesterol.
- They can easily pass through cell membranes due to their lipophilic nature.
- Examples: Cortisol, testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone.
- Mechanism of action: Steroid hormones bind to intracellular receptors, forming hormone-receptor complexes that directly interact with DNA to regulate gene expression.
- This process often involves altering the transcription of specific genes, leading to changes in protein synthesis and cell function.
Other Hormone Types
- Peptide/Protein Hormones
- Amine Hormones
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