5 Questions
What is the primary function of hormones in the human body?
To regulate various physiological processes
Which type of hormone is derived from cholesterol?
Steroid Hormone
What is the mechanism of action of steroid hormones?
They bind to intracellular receptors and directly interact with DNA
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of steroid hormones?
They are derived from amino acids
What is the result of steroid hormones interacting with DNA?
Changes in the transcription of specific genes
Study Notes
Hormones
- Hormones are chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands and secreted directly into the bloodstream.
- They travel to various organs and tissues to regulate physiological processes such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction.
Chemical Nature of Hormones
- Hormones can be categorized into three main types based on their chemical structure:
Steroid Hormones
- Steroid hormones are lipid-soluble molecules derived from cholesterol.
- They can easily pass through cell membranes due to their lipophilic nature.
- Examples: Cortisol, testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone.
- Mechanism of action: Steroid hormones bind to intracellular receptors, forming hormone-receptor complexes that directly interact with DNA to regulate gene expression.
- This process often involves altering the transcription of specific genes, leading to changes in protein synthesis and cell function.
Other Hormone Types
- Peptide/Protein Hormones
- Amine Hormones
Learn about hormones, their chemical structure, and function in regulating physiological processes in the human body.
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