Endocrine histology
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Questions and Answers

Epinephrine is considered a ____ when transmitted through the bloodstream

hormone

the ____ is the main lobe of the anterior pituitary

pars distalis

the ____ is the lobe portion of the posterior pituitary

pars nervosa

____ are glial cells within the posterior pituitary

<p>pituicytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

within the pars distalis, acidophils secrete ____ via lactotrophs/mammotrophs and ____ via somatotrophs.

<p>prolactin, GH</p> Signup and view all the answers

within the pars distalis, basophils secrete FSH and LH via ____, ACTH via ____, and TSH via ____.

<p>gonadotrophs, corticotrophs, thyrotrophs</p> Signup and view all the answers

Within the pars distalis, ____ are unstained due to depletion of hormones, but once hormones are produced again their cytoplasm will stain pink or purple again

<p>chromophobes</p> Signup and view all the answers

the ____ within a thyroid follicle store iodinated thyroglobulin

<p>colloid</p> Signup and view all the answers

thyroid follicles are derived from ____

<p>endoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

in the thyroid, ____ are smaller cells next to follicles with paler cytoplasms

<p>parafollicular C cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

parafollicular C cells secrete ____

<p>calcitonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

within the parathyroid gland, ____ cells are smaller and appear similar to lymphatic tissue with large collections of tightly packed basophilic cells

<p>chief/principle</p> Signup and view all the answers

within the parathyroid glands, ____ cells are larger and pink

<p>oxyphil</p> Signup and view all the answers

the adrenal medulla is derived from ____ cells

<p>neural crest</p> Signup and view all the answers

the adrenal cortex is derived from the ____

<p>mesoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the appearance of the layers of the adrenal cortex

<p>zona glomerulosa = ovoid clusters, lighter staining zona fasciculata = foamy cells in long straight cords zona reticulata = eosinophilic cells arranged in reticular-like network zona fasciculata = zone which comprises 80% of cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the hormones secreted by each zone of the adrenal gland

<p>zona glomerulosa = mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) zona fasciculata = glucocorticoids (cortisol) zona reticulata = androgens (DHEA) medulla = catecholamines</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each structure with the hormone/system that regulates it

<p>zona glomerulosa = RAAS zona fasciculata = ACTH zona reticulata = ACTH anterior pituitary = CRH</p> Signup and view all the answers

____ with the pineal gland are larger, lighter staining cells with spheroidal nuclei

<p>pinealocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

____ within the pineal gland are smaller, darker staining cells with oval nuclei

<p>astrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

____ is found within the pineal gland and is composed of the calcified byproduct of melatonin production. It is useful for locating the pineal gland on MRI imaging

<p>brain sand</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following binds aldosterone, thyroid hormone, cortisol, and sex steroids?

<p>albumin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure divides the hypothalamus into two halves?

<p>third ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

The swellings of the axons within the posterior pituitary are known as ____ which contain ADH and oxytocin

<p>Herring bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ADH and oxytocin secreted from the posterior pituitary are synthesized in the ____ nuclei within the hypothalamus

<p>supraoptic and paraventricular</p> Signup and view all the answers

somatostatin inhibits release of GH

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the anterior pituitary derived from?

<p>Rathke's pouch (oral ectoderm)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the posterior pituitary derived from?

<p>neuroectoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

thyroid follicles are derived from ____

<p>endoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium are thyroid follicles?

<p>simple columnar</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cells within the parathyroid are derived from which germ layer?

<p>Mesoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

Melatonin is derived from ____, which is derived from ____

<p>Serotonin, tryptophan</p> Signup and view all the answers

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