32 Questions
Epinephrine is considered a ____ when transmitted through the bloodstream
hormone
the ____ is the main lobe of the anterior pituitary
pars distalis
the ____ is the lobe portion of the posterior pituitary
pars nervosa
____ are glial cells within the posterior pituitary
pituicytes
within the pars distalis, acidophils secrete ____ via lactotrophs/mammotrophs and ____ via somatotrophs.
prolactin, GH
within the pars distalis, basophils secrete FSH and LH via ____, ACTH via ____, and TSH via ____.
gonadotrophs, corticotrophs, thyrotrophs
Within the pars distalis, ____ are unstained due to depletion of hormones, but once hormones are produced again their cytoplasm will stain pink or purple again
chromophobes
the ____ within a thyroid follicle store iodinated thyroglobulin
colloid
thyroid follicles are derived from ____
endoderm
in the thyroid, ____ are smaller cells next to follicles with paler cytoplasms
parafollicular C cells
parafollicular C cells secrete ____
calcitonin
within the parathyroid gland, ____ cells are smaller and appear similar to lymphatic tissue with large collections of tightly packed basophilic cells
chief/principle
within the parathyroid glands, ____ cells are larger and pink
oxyphil
the adrenal medulla is derived from ____ cells
neural crest
the adrenal cortex is derived from the ____
mesoderm
Match the appearance of the layers of the adrenal cortex
zona glomerulosa = ovoid clusters, lighter staining zona fasciculata = foamy cells in long straight cords zona reticulata = eosinophilic cells arranged in reticular-like network zona fasciculata = zone which comprises 80% of cortex
Match the hormones secreted by each zone of the adrenal gland
zona glomerulosa = mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) zona fasciculata = glucocorticoids (cortisol) zona reticulata = androgens (DHEA) medulla = catecholamines
Match each structure with the hormone/system that regulates it
zona glomerulosa = RAAS zona fasciculata = ACTH zona reticulata = ACTH anterior pituitary = CRH
____ with the pineal gland are larger, lighter staining cells with spheroidal nuclei
pinealocytes
____ within the pineal gland are smaller, darker staining cells with oval nuclei
astrocytes
____ is found within the pineal gland and is composed of the calcified byproduct of melatonin production. It is useful for locating the pineal gland on MRI imaging
brain sand
Which of the following binds aldosterone, thyroid hormone, cortisol, and sex steroids?
albumin
Which structure divides the hypothalamus into two halves?
third ventricle
The swellings of the axons within the posterior pituitary are known as ____ which contain ADH and oxytocin
Herring bodies
The ADH and oxytocin secreted from the posterior pituitary are synthesized in the ____ nuclei within the hypothalamus
supraoptic and paraventricular
somatostatin inhibits release of GH
True
What is the anterior pituitary derived from?
Rathke's pouch (oral ectoderm)
What is the posterior pituitary derived from?
neuroectoderm
thyroid follicles are derived from ____
endoderm
What type of epithelium are thyroid follicles?
simple columnar
Cells within the parathyroid are derived from which germ layer?
Mesoderm
Melatonin is derived from ____, which is derived from ____
Serotonin, tryptophan
Gould Block 3 Week 4
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