Hormone Functions in Human Body

Actions of Progesterone

• Thickens endometrium into secretory form, preparing it for potential implantation of a fertilized egg
• Thickens myometrium, but reduces its motility, making it less likely to contract and expel an embryo
• Produces thick, acidic cervical mucus, creating a barrier to sperm penetration
• Induces changes in mammary tissue, preparing it for lactation
• Causes a slight increase in body temperature
• Metabolic changes, shifting from anabolic to catabolic, breaking down energy stores
• Electrolyte changes, affecting ion balance in the body

Actions of Testosterone

Determinative Actions

• Increases size and mass of muscles, vocal cords, and bones, contributing to masculine characteristics
• Deepens the voice, a secondary sex characteristic
• Promotes growth of facial and body hair, a secondary sex characteristic
• Increases stature, contributing to overall growth and development
• Stimulates growth of the penis, a primary sex characteristic

Regulatory Actions

• Maintains the male internal genitalia, including the prostate, seminal vesicles, vas deferens, and epididymis
• Has an anabolic metabolic action, promoting protein synthesis and muscle growth
• Influences behavioral effects, such as aggression and sexual activity

Actions of Oestrogen

• Regulates fallopian tube function, ensuring proper ovum transportation
• Thickens the endometrium, preparing it for a fertilized egg
• Stimulates growth and motility of myometrium, preparing the uterus for implantation
• Produces thin, alkaline cervical mucus, facilitating sperm penetration
• Induces vaginal changes, preparing it for sexual activity
• Affects skin, hair, and metabolism, contributing to feminine characteristics
• Regulates calcium metabolism, essential for bone health

Actions of Progesterone

• Thickens endometrium into secretory form, preparing it for potential implantation of a fertilized egg
• Thickens myometrium, but reduces its motility, making it less likely to contract and expel an embryo
• Produces thick, acidic cervical mucus, creating a barrier to sperm penetration
• Induces changes in mammary tissue, preparing it for lactation
• Causes a slight increase in body temperature
• Metabolic changes, shifting from anabolic to catabolic, breaking down energy stores
• Electrolyte changes, affecting ion balance in the body

Actions of Testosterone

Determinative Actions

• Increases size and mass of muscles, vocal cords, and bones, contributing to masculine characteristics
• Deepens the voice, a secondary sex characteristic
• Promotes growth of facial and body hair, a secondary sex characteristic
• Increases stature, contributing to overall growth and development
• Stimulates growth of the penis, a primary sex characteristic

Regulatory Actions

• Maintains the male internal genitalia, including the prostate, seminal vesicles, vas deferens, and epididymis
• Has an anabolic metabolic action, promoting protein synthesis and muscle growth
• Influences behavioral effects, such as aggression and sexual activity

Actions of Oestrogen

• Regulates fallopian tube function, ensuring proper ovum transportation
• Thickens the endometrium, preparing it for a fertilized egg
• Stimulates growth and motility of myometrium, preparing the uterus for implantation
• Produces thin, alkaline cervical mucus, facilitating sperm penetration
• Induces vaginal changes, preparing it for sexual activity
• Affects skin, hair, and metabolism, contributing to feminine characteristics
• Regulates calcium metabolism, essential for bone health

This quiz covers the actions of progesterone and testosterone in the human body, including effects on endometrium, myometrium, cervical mucus, mammary tissue, and more.