Female reproductive system
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary effect of Norplant on ovulation?

  • Stimulates ovulation
  • Regulates ovulation
  • Inhibits ovulation (correct)
  • Suppresses ovulation

    • Why is Depo-Provera not recommended for individuals with certain medical conditions?

  • Risk of cervical infections
  • Risk of allergic reactions
  • Risk of unplanned pregnancy
  • History of kidney disease or high blood pressure (correct)

    • What is the effect of TDI-11861 on male fertility?

  • It permanently reduces fertility
  • It increases fertility
  • It temporarily reduces fertility (correct)
  • It has no effect on fertility

    • What is the primary function of barrier methods in contraception?

    <p>To prevent sperm from entering the uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of spermicidal substances in barrier methods?

    <p>To kill sperm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication for the use of hormonal methods?

    <p>Liver disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) in sperm?

    <p>To trigger sperm tail beating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical duration of hormone release for the vaginal ring?

    <p>3 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of the birth control patch?

    <p>Hormones are released through transdermal absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the compound TDI-11861 developed by the NIH-funded research team?

    <p>It binds and inhibits sAC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary challenge in using the rhythm method for contraception?

    <p>Accurately timing ovulation in women with irregular cycles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication of using an intrauterine device (IUD) for contraception?

    <p>Increased risk of pelvic inflammatory disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of a vasectomy?

    <p>Preventing the transport of sperm through the vas deferens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between a miscarriage and an induced abortion?

    <p>The spontaneous or intentional nature of the pregnancy termination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential failure of the withdrawal method of contraception?

    <p>Pre-ejaculatory emission of semen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the decrease in estrogen and progesterone levels during the premenstrual phase of the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Breakdown of the corpus luteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of progesterone on the endometrium during the secretory phase?

    <p>Formation of blood vessels and glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary risk associated with hormone replacement therapy for menopausal symptoms?

    <p>Breast cancer, strokes, and heart disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of estrogens in the development of female mammary glands?

    <p>Stimulation of breast and mammary gland development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of menopause?

    <p>Aging of the ovaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of lactiferous ducts in the mammary gland?

    <p>To carry milk from lobules to lactiferous sinuses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical age range when cycles cease due to menopause?

    <p>Between 45 to 55 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mechanism of action of hormonal methods in preventing ovulation?

    <p>Inhibiting the production of GnRH, which reduces the secretion of FSH and LH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many days is the average length of the female reproductive cycle?

    <p>28 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the areola in the mammary gland?

    <p>To provide a pigmented circle of skin near the apex of each breast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the release of FSH and LH in the ovarian cycle?

    <p>Hypothalamus secretes GnRH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of barrier methods in contraception?

    <p>They can be used to prevent sexually transmitted diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of granulosa cells surrounding the primary oocyte?

    <p>Passing nutrients to the developing oocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increased FSH sensitivity on granulosa cells?

    <p>Increased estrogen production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of spermicides in contraception?

    <p>Killing or immobilizing sperm to prevent fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the negative-feedback mechanism initiated by the dominant tertiary ovarian follicle?

    <p>Inhibition of FSH production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what day of the cycle does estrogen production peak?

    <p>Day 12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of the positive-feedback mechanism stimulated by high blood estrogen levels?

    <p>Release of LH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many primordial ovarian follicles develop into primary ovarian follicles during the follicular phase?

    <p>Approx. 20</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age does the first menstruation typically occur in females?

    <p>Approx. 13 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of prostatitis?

    <p>Bacteria associated with urinary tract infections or STDs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of mifepristone on the placenta?

    <p>It blocks the ability of the placenta to recognize progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the limitation of using mifepristone for abortion?

    <p>It is limited to the first 5 weeks of pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary symptom of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?

    <p>Tenderness and an enlarged prostate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?

    <p>Transurethral resection</p> Signup and view all the answers

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