Female reproductive system
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary effect of Norplant on ovulation?

  • Stimulates ovulation
  • Regulates ovulation
  • Inhibits ovulation (correct)
  • Suppresses ovulation

Why is Depo-Provera not recommended for individuals with certain medical conditions?

  • Risk of cervical infections
  • Risk of allergic reactions
  • Risk of unplanned pregnancy
  • History of kidney disease or high blood pressure (correct)

What is the effect of TDI-11861 on male fertility?

  • It permanently reduces fertility
  • It increases fertility
  • It temporarily reduces fertility (correct)
  • It has no effect on fertility

What is the primary function of barrier methods in contraception?

<p>To prevent sperm from entering the uterus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of spermicidal substances in barrier methods?

<p>To kill sperm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for the use of hormonal methods?

<p>Liver disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) in sperm?

<p>To trigger sperm tail beating (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical duration of hormone release for the vaginal ring?

<p>3 weeks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of the birth control patch?

<p>Hormones are released through transdermal absorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the compound TDI-11861 developed by the NIH-funded research team?

<p>It binds and inhibits sAC (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge in using the rhythm method for contraception?

<p>Accurately timing ovulation in women with irregular cycles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of using an intrauterine device (IUD) for contraception?

<p>Increased risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of a vasectomy?

<p>Preventing the transport of sperm through the vas deferens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between a miscarriage and an induced abortion?

<p>The spontaneous or intentional nature of the pregnancy termination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential failure of the withdrawal method of contraception?

<p>Pre-ejaculatory emission of semen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the decrease in estrogen and progesterone levels during the premenstrual phase of the menstrual cycle?

<p>Breakdown of the corpus luteum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of progesterone on the endometrium during the secretory phase?

<p>Formation of blood vessels and glands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary risk associated with hormone replacement therapy for menopausal symptoms?

<p>Breast cancer, strokes, and heart disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of estrogens in the development of female mammary glands?

<p>Stimulation of breast and mammary gland development (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of menopause?

<p>Aging of the ovaries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of lactiferous ducts in the mammary gland?

<p>To carry milk from lobules to lactiferous sinuses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical age range when cycles cease due to menopause?

<p>Between 45 to 55 years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mechanism of action of hormonal methods in preventing ovulation?

<p>Inhibiting the production of GnRH, which reduces the secretion of FSH and LH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many days is the average length of the female reproductive cycle?

<p>28 days (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the areola in the mammary gland?

<p>To provide a pigmented circle of skin near the apex of each breast (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the release of FSH and LH in the ovarian cycle?

<p>Hypothalamus secretes GnRH (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of barrier methods in contraception?

<p>They can be used to prevent sexually transmitted diseases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of granulosa cells surrounding the primary oocyte?

<p>Passing nutrients to the developing oocyte (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increased FSH sensitivity on granulosa cells?

<p>Increased estrogen production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of spermicides in contraception?

<p>Killing or immobilizing sperm to prevent fertilization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the negative-feedback mechanism initiated by the dominant tertiary ovarian follicle?

<p>Inhibition of FSH production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what day of the cycle does estrogen production peak?

<p>Day 12 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of the positive-feedback mechanism stimulated by high blood estrogen levels?

<p>Release of LH (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many primordial ovarian follicles develop into primary ovarian follicles during the follicular phase?

<p>Approx. 20 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age does the first menstruation typically occur in females?

<p>Approx. 13 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of prostatitis?

<p>Bacteria associated with urinary tract infections or STDs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of mifepristone on the placenta?

<p>It blocks the ability of the placenta to recognize progesterone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the limitation of using mifepristone for abortion?

<p>It is limited to the first 5 weeks of pregnancy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary symptom of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?

<p>Tenderness and an enlarged prostate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?

<p>Transurethral resection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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