Female reproductive system

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What is the primary effect of Norplant on ovulation?

Stimulates ovulation

Regulates ovulation

Inhibits ovulation (correct)

Suppresses ovulation

Why is Depo-Provera not recommended for individuals with certain medical conditions?

Risk of cervical infections

Risk of allergic reactions

Risk of unplanned pregnancy

History of kidney disease or high blood pressure (correct)

What is the effect of TDI-11861 on male fertility?

It permanently reduces fertility

It increases fertility

It temporarily reduces fertility (correct)

It has no effect on fertility

What is the primary function of barrier methods in contraception?

To prevent sperm from entering the uterus Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of spermicidal substances in barrier methods?

To kill sperm Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for the use of hormonal methods?

Liver disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) in sperm?

To trigger sperm tail beating Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical duration of hormone release for the vaginal ring?

3 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of the birth control patch?

Hormones are released through transdermal absorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the compound TDI-11861 developed by the NIH-funded research team?

It binds and inhibits sAC Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge in using the rhythm method for contraception?

Accurately timing ovulation in women with irregular cycles Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of using an intrauterine device (IUD) for contraception?

Increased risk of pelvic inflammatory disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of a vasectomy?

Preventing the transport of sperm through the vas deferens Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between a miscarriage and an induced abortion?

The spontaneous or intentional nature of the pregnancy termination Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential failure of the withdrawal method of contraception?

Pre-ejaculatory emission of semen Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the decrease in estrogen and progesterone levels during the premenstrual phase of the menstrual cycle?

Breakdown of the corpus luteum Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of progesterone on the endometrium during the secretory phase?

Formation of blood vessels and glands Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary risk associated with hormone replacement therapy for menopausal symptoms?

Breast cancer, strokes, and heart disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of estrogens in the development of female mammary glands?

Stimulation of breast and mammary gland development Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of menopause?

Aging of the ovaries Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of lactiferous ducts in the mammary gland?

To carry milk from lobules to lactiferous sinuses Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical age range when cycles cease due to menopause?

Between 45 to 55 years Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mechanism of action of hormonal methods in preventing ovulation?

Inhibiting the production of GnRH, which reduces the secretion of FSH and LH Signup and view all the answers

How many days is the average length of the female reproductive cycle?

28 days Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the areola in the mammary gland?

To provide a pigmented circle of skin near the apex of each breast Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the release of FSH and LH in the ovarian cycle?

Hypothalamus secretes GnRH Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of barrier methods in contraception?

They can be used to prevent sexually transmitted diseases Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of granulosa cells surrounding the primary oocyte?

Passing nutrients to the developing oocyte Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increased FSH sensitivity on granulosa cells?

Increased estrogen production Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of spermicides in contraception?

Killing or immobilizing sperm to prevent fertilization Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the negative-feedback mechanism initiated by the dominant tertiary ovarian follicle?

Inhibition of FSH production Signup and view all the answers

At what day of the cycle does estrogen production peak?

Day 12 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of the positive-feedback mechanism stimulated by high blood estrogen levels?

Release of LH Signup and view all the answers

How many primordial ovarian follicles develop into primary ovarian follicles during the follicular phase?

Approx. 20 Signup and view all the answers

At what age does the first menstruation typically occur in females?

Approx. 13 years Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of prostatitis?

Bacteria associated with urinary tract infections or STDs Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of mifepristone on the placenta?

It blocks the ability of the placenta to recognize progesterone Signup and view all the answers

What is the limitation of using mifepristone for abortion?

It is limited to the first 5 weeks of pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary symptom of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?

Tenderness and an enlarged prostate Signup and view all the answers

What is the common therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?

Transurethral resection Signup and view all the answers