H.O.P.E. Module 2: Health-Related Fitness

H.O.P.E. Quarter 4 Module 2 Overview

• The activity module aims to enhance understanding of health-related fitness.
• The module contains five lessons: self-testing activity, fitness goals, exercise for fitness, value of physical activity, and career opportunities.

Expected Learning Outcomes

• Describe the role of physical activity assessments in managing stress
• Self-assess Health Related Fitness status, barriers to physical activity and diet.
• Set FITT (Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type) goals based on training principles.
• Participate in moderate to vigorous physical activities for at least 60 minutes on most days.
• Practice personal safety to prevent dehydration, overexertion, hypo- and hyperthermia during physical activity.
• Show good etiquette and safety when using facilities and equipment.
• Participate in events addressing health/fitness issues.
• Recognize the importance of optimizing health through physical activity assessments.
• Organize a fitness event addressing a target health issue or concern.

Volleyball Introduction

• Volleyball is a team sport played by two teams of six players separated by a net.
• Teams score points by grounding the ball on the opponent's court.
• Since 1964, volleyball has been part of the Summer Olympic Games.

Volleyball Gameplay

• A player starts a rally by serving the ball (tossing and hitting) from behind the court's back line, over the net, into the receiving court.
• The receiving team must prevent the ball from grounding in their court.
• A team can touch the ball up to three times, with no player touching it twice consecutively.
• The first two touches usually set up an attack to send the ball over the net so the serving team cannot ground it.

History of Volleyball

• William G. Morgan, a YMCA physical education director, created Mintonette in 1895 in Holyoke, Massachusetts.
• Mintonette was a pastime played indoors by any number of players, drawing elements from tennis and handball.
• Basketball had been invented just ten miles away in Springfield, Massachusetts, four years earlier.
• Mintonette was designed as a less rough indoor sport than basketball for older YMCA members, while still requiring athletic effort.
• William G. Morgan's original rules specified a net height of 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m), a 25 ft × 50 ft (7.6 m × 15.2 m) court, and no limit of players.
• Matches consisted of nine innings with three serves per team each inning and no limit of ball contacts per team.
• A second try was allowed for serving errors, and hitting the ball into the net was generally a fault, except on the first serve.
• Alfred Halstead observed volleying in the game and renamed it volleyball at its first exhibition match in 1896.
• Volleyball rules were modified by the International YMCA Training School, and the game spread to various YMCAs.
• The first official volleyball is disputed between Spalding in 1896 and in 1900.
• In the Philippines in 1916, the set and spike were introduced.
• A "three hits" rule and back-row hitting rule were established four years later.
• The game switched from 21 to 15 points in 1917.
• About 16,000 volleyballs were distributed in 1919 by the American Expeditionary Forces, boosting its growth in new countries.

Volleyball in the Olympics

• Olympic volleyball has roots in the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris, as an American sports demonstration.
• It started being considered after after formation of the FIVB.
• The official inclusion was the program for the 1964 Summer Olympics.
• Initially, the Olympic volleyball tournament ranked teams by wins, set average, and point average.
• This system could determine medal winners early, reducing audience interest and beginning in 1972, the competition was split into two phases.
• The second phase was elimination tournament consisting of quarterfinals, semifinals, and finals matches.
• Since 1996, both men's and women's events have included twelve participant nations.

Rules of the Game

• The minimum recommended, and the minimum is a clear height, for indoor volleyball courts is 8 m and 7 m.
• The attack line is 3 m is from and parallel to the net, diving the court into back and front row.
• These areas are divided into 3 areas each, numbered from the serving player’s location.
• The free zone around the court has to be 3 m wide.
• Boundary and attack zone lines are within the court or zone's dimensions.
• Contact with the line counts the ball as "in."
• An antenna is located perpendicular to the sideline on each side of the net.
• The ball need to pass completely between the antennas.

Ball specifications

• FIVB standards state the ball must be spherical.
• Must be leather or synthetic leather.
• Have a circumference of 65–67 cm, a weight of 260–280 g
• Have an inside pressure of 0.30–0.325 kg/cm².

Gameplay Summary

• Each team has six players.
• A coin toss determines which team serves first.
• To serve, a player throws the ball and tries to hit it over the net into the opponent's court.
• The opposing team must return the ball to the opponent's side within three contacts.
• Usually the "bump", or pass, directs the ball to the setter.
• The setter uses an overhand pass to position the ball for an attacker.
• The attacker spikes to ground the ball on the opponent's court.

Offensive and Defensive Plays

• Offense involves trying to attack the ball.
• Defense is made up of players at the net who jump to block.
• Defensive team is trying to prevent the attacker from directing the ball into the court.
• Defensive players attempt to control blocked balls through a dig.
• Following a successful dig, the team transitions to offense.

Scoring

• When the ball makes contact with the floor or an error happens, a point is awarded to the team that did not do the error.
• A ball landing on the line is considered in.
• The team that won point serves the next point.
• If the same time served previously, then it’s the same person again
• All players rotate in a clockwise direction
• The game continues until a team hits 25 points by a two point margin is awarded a set.
• Matches are best-of-five sets, and the fifth set is usually 15 points
• High schools can sometimes play the best-of-three to 25
• Before 1999, a point was won when you had the serve with "side-out scoring" with all sets only going to 15 points.
• In 2000, the FIVB standardized a current scoring system, referred to as rally point system, which aimed at a spectator- and television-friendly competition.

Libero Player

• In 1998, the libero position specializes in defensive skills.
• A libero jersey color must be different from the team and they cannot block or attack the ball.
• Libero can replace any back-row player when ball is not in play.
• May function as a setter with restrictions: and overhand set must be behind the 3-meter line.
• Underhand pass is allowed
• They are the most skilled defensive player, that subs in and out for players tracking on a libero-tracking sheet.
• Only one libero per set, and the libero isn’t allowed to serve as per international rules.
• The NCAA women's college volleyball games made a rule change that the libero can serve to serve only for one person on the team in 2004.

Skills

Service Techniques

• The player tries to score by hitting the ball over the net into the opponent's court.
• Successfully directing the ball with speed is important

Underhand Serve

• Player strikes the ball below the waist with an upward motion.
• Less effective and less common in high-level play

Sky Ball Serve

• Underhand technique that hits the ball high and is especially used in beach volleyball.
• Outdated
• Adrian Carambul, an Italian Volleyball player, was known for the serve in the 2016 Rio De Janeiro Olympics
• Famous underhand serve is the Jornada nas Estrelas.

Topspin Serve

• An overhand shot using a wrist snap.
• This gives the ball a topspin causing it to drop and keep its flight path.

Float Serve

• The server hits the ball so that it will have no spin and follows an unpredictable flight path.

Jump Serve

• The server starts the ball toss high in the fair and does a jump approach while making contact.
• Most popular with players at university or professionals.

Jump Float

• The server tosses the ball high and jumps, making contact in the air like a standing float serve.
• Flight patterns have certain unpredictability.
• It’s is the only serve where the server’s feet can go over the inline

Passing

• A skill that involves two techniques.
• Underpass and bump (touching inside part of the forearms at the waist).
• Overhand pass, and handled with finger tips.
• Either are acceptable for beach volleyball, however beach volleyball has tighter regulations on the overhand pass

Set

• Usually the second contact, where the main goal puts the ball in play so that it can attack in the opponent's court.
• The setter needs to be careful touching, and coordinating movements where they ultimately decide who touches the ball

Attack

• The third contact often known as the spike.
• It allows the ball to land on the opponent's courts, where player goes throughout series of steps while swinging at the ball.
• Different offensive attacks of contemporary volleyball are attacks that are used.

Backcourt attack

• Back row player attacks
• Jumps from behind the 3-meter line but may land in front.

Line and Cross-court shot

• Refers to the trajectory, and if a pronounced angle where ball lands near 3 meter is called shot.

Dip/Dink/Tip/Cheat/Dump:

• The player touches the ball to where player does not go and make the shot, where its left to fall to which the defense does not cover.

Tool/Wipe/Block abuse

• Is the abuse, where it causes the opponent's block to bounces off of the court.

Off-speed Hit

• Slows/reduces the confuse the opponent's offense

Quick hit/"One

Slide

• An attack where hitter steps, around, and where its hit behind him or her.

Double Quick Hit/Stack/Tandem

Block

• Aimed at completely stopping an attack where it is called offensive, requires calculating, and foot work.

Dig

• Prevents the ball from touching the court, overhand dig and bump vary with joined arms.

Volleyball Strategy

• There are 5 positions filled on every volleyball team and each one plays a role in the game.

Setter

• Tasked with putting together an team offense, where they aim for the second touch and placing the ball to can hit it.

Libero

• Responsible for receiving the attack or serve that has quick reaction times to have great success of the teams.

Middle Blocker/Hitter

• Allows the players to set up a double block on each side of the court.

Outside Hitters

• Attack from near the left antenna.
  • Most consistent hitter.
• Inaccurate passes allows them to make the set to make a longer approach.

Opposite Hitters

• Carry defensive team's load/carry the workload for the volleyball team.
• Designed to put up a wall, that is well-formed to which also serves as a backup with the offensive that is sets to the antennae.

Volleyball Formations

• Three standard formations known as the 4-2, 6-2, 5-1.
• Refers to that there that it may depend on the amount of hitters in setting in to be able 4–2 is the basic formation mainly used in play.
• The 5-1 is by far for high level play
• Formation with four hitters and that of the two setters where they usually set from from the front middle but that right and of the front and where that the team has for have the two of the front which are rowed to the all times for the setter for which from that right and where its translated forms has to translate it more to the others with the forms of defense to offensive
• The setters has line up for which can oppose each other and which it were to all, for the time to the rotations and to line up it to other hits and they have to be align with the rotations and each position and always align and position to each spot and then they all row in.
• Formation that allows 6-2 player that had comes form the row to the set, there is three players all together along the way where which, they all act which as the hitters to able to set where they have setters, and the 6 players must set/penetrate to to the the row. The 6-2 now has two setters, with additional middle hitters, with rotation being able to see where they all will be where will be one for one back roll setting.
• Advantages allows 6-2 has is where all 3 get maximize abilities and have a max advantage Players must had rotation with who has setter, and players will still need has the rotation is where the will be still that, too allow for 3 upfront to be able attack.

5-1

• There’s one player to takes the responsibility of setting no matter positioning in rotation
• The team’s got three to then front and to back, with a total up to five

In 5-1

• The setter takes that spot while on where to then call her him where the setter that rotation that is is the hitter that will be all, the will pass, and is used as then the one three hit, to to able to gain which is use capabilities.

Basketball

Origins

• It was not it that was, evolution and has known very well from Dr. Smith who that that has then.
• Dr.James, graduated in Montreal was interested sport in physiology