Hong Kong Negotiations Insights
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Questions and Answers

What was one of the key issues discussed by Deng regarding Hong Kong?

  • The promotion of communism in Hong Kong
  • The cultural exchange between China and Britain
  • The maintenance of British laws in Hong Kong
  • The issue of sovereignty (correct)

    • Which system will continue to be practiced in Hong Kong as per Deng's statements?

  • Socialism
  • Communism
  • Feudalism
  • Capitalism (correct)

    • What was the purpose of the Sino-British Joint Declaration?

  • To grant immediate independence to Hong Kong
  • To replace all British laws with Chinese laws
  • To establish a military base in Hong Kong
  • To outline the principles of ‘One Country, Two Systems’ (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT one of the stated issues leading to the discussions about Hong Kong?

    <p>Plans for a cultural exchange program</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the two sides expected to do according to Deng's suggestion?

    <p>Begin consultation on the issue of Hong Kong</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many rounds of talks occurred during the second stage of negotiations about Hong Kong?

    <p>22 rounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What assurance did Margaret Thatcher seek regarding Hong Kong’s future?

    <p>An agreement on administrative arrangements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the laws in Hong Kong after 1997?

    <p>The majority of the current laws may continue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Chief Executive in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region as per Annex I of the Basic Law?

    <p>To be elected by an Election Committee</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many members were in the Election Committee after the reforms in 2021?

    <p>1,500 members</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the Legislative Council according to Article 73 of the Basic Law?

    <p>To appoint government officials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sector was added when the Election Committee expanded from four to five sectors in 2021?

    <p>Election sector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total number of seats in the Legislative Council after the 2021 changes?

    <p>90 seats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which legal system does Hong Kong follow?

    <p>Common law system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which year was the election method for the Chief Executive adopted?

    <p>1990</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How has the number of seats returned by geographical constituencies changed from 1998 to 2021?

    <p>Decreased from 30 to 20 seats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which article establishes the structure of Hong Kong Courts?

    <p>Article 81</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main characteristics of the courts in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region?

    <p>They operate independent of outside interference.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which court holds the power of final adjudication in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region?

    <p>Court of Final Appeal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to which article is the power of interpretation of the Basic Law vested?

    <p>Article 158</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is described as a hybrid regime in the context of Hong Kong?

    <p>A regime that mixes electoral and non-electoral elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did the Legislative Council (LegCo) play during the colonial era?

    <p>A council that mainly helped in endorsing government proposals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of consultative politics as described in the content?

    <p>To engage the population in public decision-making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which article indicates that members of the judiciary shall be immune from legal action in their judicial functions?

    <p>Article 85</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the main focuses of MacLehose’s social reforms during his tenure?

    <p>Public housing development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following individuals served as the governor of Hong Kong after Murray MacLehose?

    <p>Edward Youde</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the three unequal treaties signed by the Qing government?

    <p>To allocate Hong Kong territories to Britain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which decade did the British start negotiations with China regarding Hong Kong?

    <p>1970s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the primary governance problems faced in Hong Kong during the 1950s and 1960s?

    <p>Corruption and living conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What assurance did Jimmy McGregor emphasize was necessary for investors in Hong Kong in 1976?

    <p>Assurances from the PRC government</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was NOT part of MacLehose's social reforms?

    <p>Urban infrastructure development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant warning was given in the declassified document prepared for Margaret Thatcher in 1979?

    <p>The imminent expiration of the New Territories lease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the process where governing elites assimilate socio-economic elites into political decision-making bodies?

    <p>Administrative absorption of politics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a Green Paper in the context of consultative politics?

    <p>To stimulate public discussion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the government in 2007 describe 'civic engagement'?

    <p>As a means to achieve good governance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method was used in the Kai Tak Planning Review to involve the public early in the process?

    <p>Hosting design forums</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of consultative politics as mentioned in the content?

    <p>It aims to build consensus through consultation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase in the consultative process is signified by the issuance of a White Paper?

    <p>Presenting the government's official policy position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do influential professional and business elites play in the advisory bodies, according to the excerpt?

    <p>They feel integrated into the political system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes traditional consultation methods from civic engagement?

    <p>Civic engagement co-exists and refines traditional methods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does consultative politics under an executive-led structure imply about public involvement?

    <p>The government opens parts of its agenda to public consultation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one characteristic of the relationship between the government and civil society in consultative politics?

    <p>Collaboration is emphasized to enhance public ownership in policy-making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key feature does advisory bodies provide within the consultation practices?

    <p>They co-opt business-professional elites for effective governance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant change in the number of advisory and statutory bodies from 1997 to 2013?

    <p>An increase from 284 to 467 bodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Article 65 of the Basic Law indicate about advisory bodies?

    <p>The establishment of advisory bodies by executive authorities will be maintained.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How were issues concerning Hong Kong's future addressed in the 1970s?

    <p>Discussions began and continued into the 1980s with Sino-British negotiations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What implication does the increasing number of advisory bodies suggest about the governance in Hong Kong?

    <p>Consultation remains an important aspect of governance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event set the stage for the formulation of the Basic Law in Hong Kong?

    <p>The Sino-British Negotiations and signing of the Joint Declaration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Lecture 6: The Road to Handover and Political Development After 1997

    • The lecture outlines the road to Hong Kong's handover and political development after 1997
    • Course materials are solely for academic purposes and should not be circulated without instructor permission.

    Outline of the Lecture

    • Review of the previous lecture covering colonial governance and governance issues
    • Sino-British negotiations
    • Hong Kong's political system
    • Consultative politics in Hong Kong

    Review of the Previous Lecture

    • Colonial Governance, including Letters Patent & Royal Instructions, Executive Council & Legislative Council
    • Governance problems in the 1950s-60s: poor living conditions, corruption, and high living expenses
    • MacLehose's Social Reforms, focusing on Public Housing, New Town Development (Tsuen Wan, Sha Tin and Tuen Mun), Civil Servants Expansion, Country Park Planning, and the establishment of the ICAC (Independent Commission Against Corruption) and six years free education, later extended to nine years

    The Sino-British Negotiations

    • Key figures in the negotiations, including Murray MacLehose (1972-1982), Edward Youde (1982-1986), David Wilson (1987-1992), and Chris Patten (1992-1997)
    • Three unequal treaties: Treaty of Nanking (1842), which ceded Hong Kong Island to Britain; Convention of Peking (1860), which ceded Kowloon Peninsula; and Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory (1898), leasing the New Territories to Britain for 99 years.
    • British started negotiations in the late 1970s.
    • Declassified documents warn of lease issues in the New Territories expiring in 1997.
    • Concerns raised regarding investor confidence and long-term investment.
    • Deng Xiaoping's visit and statements on the necessity of ending the British occupation and Hong Kong's special position in 1997 to the PRC
    • Initial British reluctance to relinquish occupation, proposing an exchange of sovereignty.
    • PRC refusal to recognize unfair treaties
    • Emphasis on internal affairs of Hong Kong and Macau
    • Discussions on sovereignty, administration after 1997, and avoiding disturbances leading up to the handover
    • Mrs. Thatcher maintained that unequal treaties should remain in place; if China agrees to continued British administration after 1997, Britain may consider Hong Kong sovereignty transfer.
    • Stages of negotiation: First stage (September 1982-June 1983) and Second stage (July 1983-September 1984)
    • Sino-British Joint Declaration, signed in December 1984, outlining 12 basic policies for Hong Kong's transition to become a special administrative region. This included the region's status, autonomy, social and economic systems for Hong Kong.

    Hong Kong's Political System

    • Drafting of the Basic Law involving the Drafting Committee, members from both Hong Kong and mainland China.
    • Establishment of the Basic Law Consultative Committee (BLCC) to gather Hong Kong public opinion
    • The Basic Law was published in multiple versions, culminating in its official promulgation by the National People's Congress (NPC) in 1990.
    • Basic Law, Chapter IV delineates the political structure, establishing an executive-led system. 
    • Chief Executive's powers, including dissolving the Legislative Council and making government decisions.
    • Annex I outlining the chief executive election method
    • Electoral reform in 2010 and 2021
    • Legislative Council (LegCo) powers include enacting laws, approving budgets, debates on government policy etc.,
    • Judicial branch: Hong Kong as a common-law jurisdiction.
    • Court system structure, court of final appeal, and judicial independence.

    Consultative Politics in Hong Kong

    • Hong Kong's classification as a "hybrid regime"
    • Consultative politics, the government's willingness to consult the population in decision-making
    • Historical consultative practices in the colonial era, such as the Executive and Legislative Councils
    • Use of "Green Paper" and "White Paper" consultations; different intentions and purposes
    • Emphasis on the establishment and importance of advisory bodies
    • Civic engagement and its connection to good governance.
    • Role of advisory bodies in securing consultation and building consensus
    • Maintaining political stability and economic prosperity, viewed as critical aspects of successful governance by the government.

    Conclusion

    • Issues concerning Hong Kong's future were discussed as early as the 1970s.
    • The Sino-British Negotiations commenced in the 1980s.
    • The Basic Law, established in 1990, detailed Hong Kong's political structure.

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    Lecture 6: The Road to Handover and Political Development After 1997 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the key discussions surrounding Hong Kong's future as addressed by Deng Xiaoping. This quiz covers important agreements, systems, and roles defined during the Sino-British negotiations. Dive into the intricacies of the political landscape that shaped Hong Kong's governance post-1997.

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