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Questions and Answers
Which species is known as 'Java Man'?
Which species is known as 'Java Man'?
What is a distinguishing feature of Homo erectus?
What is a distinguishing feature of Homo erectus?
Approximately when did Archaic Homo sapiens first appear?
Approximately when did Archaic Homo sapiens first appear?
What is the approximate timeframe for the existence of Homo floresiensis?
What is the approximate timeframe for the existence of Homo floresiensis?
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What is a controversy regarding the classification of later hominins?
What is a controversy regarding the classification of later hominins?
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What is a negative consequence of state formation regarding social structure?
What is a negative consequence of state formation regarding social structure?
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Which factor is commonly proposed as a reason for the collapse of ancient states?
Which factor is commonly proposed as a reason for the collapse of ancient states?
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What aspect of urbanization in states can contribute to public health issues?
What aspect of urbanization in states can contribute to public health issues?
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What kind of competition can lead to detrimental outcomes between state societies?
What kind of competition can lead to detrimental outcomes between state societies?
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What factor could have potentially allowed the Greenland Norse to survive longer?
What factor could have potentially allowed the Greenland Norse to survive longer?
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What was the former dominant theory about how America’s First Peoples arrived?
What was the former dominant theory about how America’s First Peoples arrived?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the lines of evidence for human migrations into the Americas?
Which of the following is NOT one of the lines of evidence for human migrations into the Americas?
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What role did cave paintings likely serve during the Upper Paleolithic period?
What role did cave paintings likely serve during the Upper Paleolithic period?
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What is the primary focus of Bergmann's Rule?
What is the primary focus of Bergmann's Rule?
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What does the Single-Origin Hypothesis propose about the evolution of modern humans?
What does the Single-Origin Hypothesis propose about the evolution of modern humans?
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Which population characteristic is associated with women compared to men?
Which population characteristic is associated with women compared to men?
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Which hypothesis suggests that anatomically modern humans evolved in various regions around the world?
Which hypothesis suggests that anatomically modern humans evolved in various regions around the world?
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Which of the following species is an example aligning with Allen's Rule?
Which of the following species is an example aligning with Allen's Rule?
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What type of artifact is associated with Dolni Vestonice?
What type of artifact is associated with Dolni Vestonice?
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What type of evidence does the Assimilation Theory primarily rely on?
What type of evidence does the Assimilation Theory primarily rely on?
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What is a significant consequence of food production for humans?
What is a significant consequence of food production for humans?
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What could the 'Venus' figurines signify?
What could the 'Venus' figurines signify?
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What significant cultural development is associated with the Upper Palaeolithic period?
What significant cultural development is associated with the Upper Palaeolithic period?
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What does hypodescent refer to in American racial classification?
What does hypodescent refer to in American racial classification?
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Which type of tool is considered most characteristic of the Upper Palaeolithic?
Which type of tool is considered most characteristic of the Upper Palaeolithic?
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What is a characteristic of Gloger’s Rule?
What is a characteristic of Gloger’s Rule?
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Which crop was NOT domesticated in Mesoamerica?
Which crop was NOT domesticated in Mesoamerica?
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What is true about virgin soil epidemics?
What is true about virgin soil epidemics?
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Which statement about Neandertals is inaccurate based on genetic evidence?
Which statement about Neandertals is inaccurate based on genetic evidence?
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What is a defining feature of the Clovis culture?
What is a defining feature of the Clovis culture?
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What archaeological finding primarily supports the Multiregional Hypothesis?
What archaeological finding primarily supports the Multiregional Hypothesis?
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Which of the following is an adaptation of populations living at high elevations?
Which of the following is an adaptation of populations living at high elevations?
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Which of the following best describes the main subjects of Upper Paleolithic cave paintings?
Which of the following best describes the main subjects of Upper Paleolithic cave paintings?
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Which statement best describes the biological fallacy of race?
Which statement best describes the biological fallacy of race?
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What tool is referred to as a 'microlith'?
What tool is referred to as a 'microlith'?
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What characteristic is unlikely to be selected for during the domestication of animals?
What characteristic is unlikely to be selected for during the domestication of animals?
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How did the Upper Palaeolithic period contribute to human lifestyle changes?
How did the Upper Palaeolithic period contribute to human lifestyle changes?
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What was a hallmark of Çatalhöyük as an early agricultural community?
What was a hallmark of Çatalhöyük as an early agricultural community?
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What was a significant anatomical feature of Homo erectus compared to earlier hominin species?
What was a significant anatomical feature of Homo erectus compared to earlier hominin species?
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What unique trait characterized Homo floresiensis compared to other hominin species?
What unique trait characterized Homo floresiensis compared to other hominin species?
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How did Archaic Homo sapiens differ from Homo erectus?
How did Archaic Homo sapiens differ from Homo erectus?
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In what time period did Homo floresiensis exist?
In what time period did Homo floresiensis exist?
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What is a debated classification issue regarding later hominins?
What is a debated classification issue regarding later hominins?
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What aspect of farming was significant in contributing to human inequality?
What aspect of farming was significant in contributing to human inequality?
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Which theory suggests that states may emerge due to limited geographical areas and population pressure?
Which theory suggests that states may emerge due to limited geographical areas and population pressure?
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Which civilization is considered the first to appear based on the provided timeline?
Which civilization is considered the first to appear based on the provided timeline?
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What was a common feature among the theories regarding the origins of states?
What was a common feature among the theories regarding the origins of states?
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What characterized the economic system in ancient Sumer?
What characterized the economic system in ancient Sumer?
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Which innovation is attributed to the Sumerians during their period of state formation?
Which innovation is attributed to the Sumerians during their period of state formation?
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What caused the environmental challenges faced by early agricultural communities?
What caused the environmental challenges faced by early agricultural communities?
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What did the development of writing in Sumer, specifically cuneiform, primarily record?
What did the development of writing in Sumer, specifically cuneiform, primarily record?
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What key factor inhibited technological advancement in New Guinea despite a viable lifestyle?
What key factor inhibited technological advancement in New Guinea despite a viable lifestyle?
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What role did trade have in the growth of early states according to the provided theories?
What role did trade have in the growth of early states according to the provided theories?
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Study Notes
Topic 9
- Various hominin types lived between Homo erectus and Homo sapiens
- Key questions include discovery locations and dates of appearance, living areas, and distinguishing species features.
Homo erectus, ergaster, heidelbergensis
- Appeared approximately 1.7 million years ago
- Characteristics include larger brains, long and low frontal areas, prominent brow ridges, less prognathic faces, relatively small teeth, and a build comparable to modern humans.
Homo floresiensis
- Relatively recent, appearing around 18,000 years ago
- Small-bodied hominin, hunting dwarf elephants
- Smaller teeth and brain size.
Archaic Homo Sapiens
- Appeared approximately 0.5 million years ago.
- Increased cranial capacity relative to previous hominins
- Mixed traits from Homo erectus and Homo sapiens
Classification Issues
- Continuity between H. erectus and H. sapiens suggests there is ambiguity concerning the classification of multiple hominin varieties as distinct species.
Topic 10
- Discusses theories of human origins: Single-Origin, Multiregional, and Assimilation hypotheses.
- The Single-Origin hypothesis suggests modern humans arose in Africa and replaced existing archaic populations in other regions.
- Evidence from mtDNA studies supports this theory. The theory implies oldest human populations originated in Africa.
- The Multiregional hypothesis proposes that modern humans evolved independently in various regions globally.
Topic 11
- Describes Bergmann's, Allen's, and Gloger's rules.
- Bergmann's Rule states that larger bodies are suited to colder climates, whereas smaller bodies are suited to warmer climates.
- Allen's Rule states that protruding body parts are shorter in cooler regions.
- Gloger's Rule states that populations in warm, humid climates have higher melanin levels than those in cooler areas.
Upper Palaeolithic
- This period encompasses the emergence of modern humans and their worldwide spread (40,000–14/10,000 years ago).
- Key developments encompass cave art, personal ornaments, population growth, new inventions, and the heavy reliance on meat from megafauna.
- Tools developed during the Upper Palaeolithic include blades, burins, bone and antler tools, microliths, and other characteristics tools of the period.
Human Migration to the Americas
- Clovis culture, a significant development associated with the migration of humans to the Americas, emerged approximately 13,200-12,900 years ago.
- They were big game hunters.
- The migration routes and arrival of the first people in the Americas remain debated. Evidence from linguistics, dental characteristics, and genetics supports the initial migration from Northeast Asia to the Americas.
Upper Palaeolithic Art
- Earliest art forms include beads, carvings, and paintings discovered in Upper Palaeolithic sites.
- Cave paintings in Spain and southern France demonstrate skill and an impressive degree of naturalism.
- Similar examples exist from southern Africa and Australia, some potentially older.
Venus Figurines
- Represent different aspects, including ages, clothing styles, and fertility.
- Some depictions possibly portray self-observation, and aspects of a widespread religious belief system.
Dolni Vestonice
- An entire settlement excavated from approximately 25,000 years ago.
- Features huts with walls partially constructed from mammoth bones.
- Contained fired fragments of animal figurines and possible musical instruments.
Topic 12
- Processes of plant and animal domestication.
- Periods from Mesolithic to Neolithic to the emerging of horticulture and agriculture.
- Different regions developed these practices at varying times.
- Independent centers of domestication occurred along with key crops and domesticated animals.
- Eurasia/Africa had independent hubs of domestication.
Topic 13
- Earliest civilizations, their approximate dates, origins (the nearest 500 years).
- Includes Southwest Asia, Egypt, India/Pakistan, Northern China, and Americas.
- Diamond's hypothesis concerning the role of farming in human inequality is discussed.
Theories on State Origins
- Discussed various theories about the origin of states.
- Includes the Hydraulic Hypothesis, Circumscription, and Local and Long-Distance Trade.
Consequences of State Formation
- Positive consequences include larger, denser populations and increased agricultural production.
- Negative consequences incorporate problems such as the loss of freedom of speech, coercion, and inequality regarding access to resources.
- Explains the decline and collapse of state societies, with environmental degradation, deforestation, and unsustainable human activity as common factors.
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Description
This quiz explores various hominin types that lived between Homo erectus and Homo sapiens, examining their characteristics, discovery locations, and dates of appearance. Key species such as Homo floresiensis and Archaic Homo sapiens are discussed, highlighting their unique traits and classification issues. Test your knowledge of human evolution with this engaging quiz.
