18 Questions
What is the primary focus of homeostatic mechanisms?
To regulate the internal environment within a range of values compatible with life
What is a key characteristic of a regulated variable?
It is kept within a limited range by physiological mechanisms
What is the normal range of arterial PO2?
75-100 mmHg
What is NOT an example of a homeostatic mechanism?
The ballistic system used by the nervous system for throwing a ball
Which organ is responsible for sensing changes in Ca2+ concentration?
Parathyroid gland
Who is credited with introducing a control systems theory approach in physiology textbooks?
Arthur Guyton
What is the effector response to changes in blood glucose concentration in the fed state?
Change in pancreatic secretion
What is the purpose of distinguishing between regulated and nonregulated variables?
To emphasize the stabilizing process in homeostatic mechanisms
What is the normal range of blood osmolality?
280-296 mosM/kg
What is an additional function of homeostatic mechanisms, as suggested by recent research?
To facilitate information transfer in physiological systems
Which sensor is responsible for detecting changes in core body temperature?
Thermosensors
What is the effect of changes in mean arterial pressure on the heart?
Change in heart rate
What is the primary function of feedforward control mechanisms in maintaining homeostasis?
To predict and initiate responses to changes in the physiology of the organism
Why is the definition of homeostasis being broadened to include anticipatory mechanisms?
To include a range of mechanisms that can help maintain homeostasis
What is the primary purpose of the model of a homeostatic regulatory system illustrated in Fig. 1?
To help faculty members teach and students learn the core concept of homeostasis
What is the result of anticipatory increases in breathing frequency during exercise?
Reduced time course of the response to exercise-induced hypoxia
What is the primary mechanism illustrated in the model of a homeostatic regulatory system in Fig. 1?
Negative feedback mechanism
What is the purpose of negative feedback mechanisms in maintaining homeostasis?
To minimize the error signal
Learn about the different control mechanisms that maintain homeostasis, including negative feedback and feedforward mechanisms. Understand how they regulate physiological variables and prevent deviations from normal ranges.
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