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Questions and Answers
What is homeostasis?
Homeostasis is the maintenance of physiological variables within well-defined narrow limits.
Why is homeostasis necessary?
Homeostasis is essential for survival and proper functioning of organisms.
Which two systems regulate homeostasis?
Compare the Nervous System and Endocrine System in terms of speed and delivery method:
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Who coined the term homeostasis?
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List some major physiological variables that are homeostatically regulated.
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What are electrolytes?
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What is an equivalent phrase for the term 'electrolytes'?
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What is the charge of Sodium?
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Which of the following is a polyatomic ion?
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Electrolytes are regulated to the same concentration intracellularly compared to the interstitial fluid.
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Study Notes
Homeostasis
- Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment within a narrow range despite external and internal changes.
- Homeostasis is essential for survival and proper functioning of organisms.
- Disease is caused by failed homeostatic mechanisms.
- Homeostasis is critical for many physiological variables.
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Regulation of Homeostasis is maintained by two systems:
- Nervous system - delivers messages quickly via electrical signals (neurons)
- Endocrine system - delivers messages slowly via chemical messengers (hormones)
- Walter Cannon coined the term "homeostasis" in 1926.
- Claude Bernard coined the term "internal milieu" in 1849 which laid the foundation for Cannon's work.
Homeostatically Regulated Variables
- pH of blood: 7.35 - 7.45 or 7.00 - 7.50
- Body temperature: 98.6℉ or 37℃
- Blood glucose: 70 to 99 mg/dL
- Blood oxygen levels: 95-100%
- Blood carbon dioxide levels: 23-29 mmol/L
- Blood pressure: Systolic pressure of 120 and diastolic pressure of 80 (120/80 mmHg)
- Abnormalities in these values indicate the body is losing homeostasis and can lead to disease.
Electrolytes
- Electrolytes are substances that conduct electricity when dissolved in water.
- "Ions" is an equivalent phrase for "electrolytes".
- Electrolytes are critical for maintaining fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contraction.
- Electrolyte concentration differs between intracellular fluid and interstitial fluid.
Important Electrolytes
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Calcium (Ca2+): +2 charge
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Sodium (Na+): +1 charge
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Chloride (Cl−): -1 charge
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Potassium (K+): +1 charge
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Phosphate (PO43−): -3 charge
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Bicarbonate (HCO3−): -1 charge
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Magnesium (Mg2+): +2 charge
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Sulfate (SO42−): -2 charge
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Hydronium/Hydrogen (H3O+ or H+): +1 charge
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Note: Not all electrolytes are charged atoms of elements.
- Polyatomic ions are ions composed of multiple atoms, such as PO43−, HCO3−, and SO42−.
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Description
Test your knowledge about homeostasis and its role in maintaining a stable internal environment. This quiz covers the systems involved in homeostasis, the key physiological variables it regulates, and the historical figures who contributed to its understanding. Perfect for biology students looking to reinforce their learning!
