Chapter 35 words in blue

Questions and Answers

Refers to the steady state of the pH of the body

Acid-base balance

When the pH value of body fluids is <7.3, characterized by excess hydrogen ions

Acidosis

When the pH value is >7.4, characterized by a low hydrogen ion concentration

Alkalosis

Substances that can alter hydrogen ion concentration

Buffers Signup and view all the answers

If respiratory rate decreases the rate at which carbon dioxide is eliminated decreases. The excess carbon dioxide reacts with water to form carbonic acid, which then dissociates into water and hydrogen ions. This will be evidenced in part by an increased partial pressure of carbon dioxide PCO2, which is known as ?

Hypercapnia Signup and view all the answers

Abnormalities in the respiratory system that cause an increase in respiratory rate (hyperventilation) result in a decrease in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood and a subsequent decrease in PCO3 in the blood, which is called ?

Hypocapnia Signup and view all the answers

The amount of strong acid or base that is required to titrate 1 L of blood to a pH of 7.4 at 37C while the PCO2 is held constant at 40 mm Hg - is called

Base excess Signup and view all the answers

Conditions associated with altered sodium or potassium concentration

Water deprivation, hyperventilation, osmotic diuresis = Hypernatremia GI disorders (vomit/diarrhea), ketonuria, hypoadrenocorticism, congestive heart failure = Hyponatremia Metabolic acidosis, urinary tract obstruction, renal insufficiency = Hyperkalemia Anorexia, ketonuria, diuresis = Hypokalemia Signup and view all the answers

Match

Elevated blood level of sodium = Hypernatremia Decreased blood level of sodium = Hyponatremia Elevated plasma potassium levels = Hyperkalemia Decreased plasma potassium levels = Hypokalemia Signup and view all the answers

Match

May happen in the presence of cellular damage or necrosis = Hyperkalemia May be associated with inadequate potassium intake, alkalosis or fluid loss due to vomiting and diarrhea = Hypokalemia Elevated blood magnesium level = Hypermagnesemia Decreased blood magnesium levels = Hypomagnesemia Signup and view all the answers

Samples for calcium testing should not be collected using ____, because it binds to calcium and makes it unavailable for assay

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Match

Elevated blood calcium concentration = Hypercalcemia Decreased blood calcium concentration = Hypocalcemia Increased serum or plasma phosphorus concentration = Hyperphosphatemia Decreased serum or plasma phosphorus concentration = Hypophosphatemia Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Acid-Base Balance

Refers to the steady state of the pH of the body

Acidosis

Characterized by excess hydrogen ions when the pH value of body fluids is <7.3

Alkalosis

Characterized by a low hydrogen ion concentration when the pH value is >7.4

Factors Affecting Hydrogen Ion Concentration

Substances that can alter hydrogen ion concentration
Respiratory rate: decreased rate leads to excess carbon dioxide, forming carbonic acid, and increasing hydrogen ions and PCO2
Respiratory rate: increased rate (hyperventilation) leads to decreased carbon dioxide in the blood, decreasing PCO2